The speed of modern technology development always exceeds people's imagination, and the direction of technological development also takes people's lives to a new level. At this year's CES show, Intel announced its research results, a quantum chip with 49 qubits, and in March, Google announced a quantum chip with 72 qubits, and showed that it can be used in practice, 5 In the month of Alida, the hospital was not outdone, and launched its own quantum circuit simulator "Taizhang". At one time, the concept of quantum computing entered the public's field of vision and became the focus of attention.
What is quantum computing? According to Wikipedia's explanation, calculations based on quantum mechanical phenomena are quantum calculations. When it comes to quantum computing, there are bound to be two points, superposition and entanglement. Unlike traditional computer-based transistor-based binary, the binary digits of traditional computers always determine the state of "0" or "1", while quantum computing uses quantum bits, and there is no fixed state, we can borrow a famous experiment "Schrödinger Cats" to describe this phenomenon.
Place a cat in the box and connect the poisonous radiation. The radioactive material in the box has a 50% probability of decay and release the poison gas to kill the cat, but it may not decay to make the cat survive. Without opening the box, if the cat is either dead or alive according to the perspective of a traditional computer, it must be the determined one of the two. However, from the perspective of quantum computing, the cat can live and die, in a state of mixing, which is the superposition state.
Quantum entanglement
Quantum entanglement is actually a phenomenon in which two particles in a superposition state interact with each other. It is worth noting that the distance between the two particles in space may be far apart, but once one of the two sides is measured, the party entangled with it The status will also be determined.
The basic unit bits of a traditional computer have a certain state, either "0" or "1", and the basic unit of quantum computing is a quantum bit or a qubit, which can have both "0" and " 1" two states, if you have 4 bits, then the traditional computer only stores one of 2^4. If you have 4 qubits, the information that can be stored is 2^4, and the computing power increases exponentially. The computing power is equivalent to 2^4 times of traditional calculator operations, and the efficiency will be greatly increased.
Thanks to quantum stacking and entanglement, quantum computing can maintain ultra-high speed for parallel computing, ensuring efficient completion of high-volume data results. However, it should be noted that if there is no quantum algorithm corresponding to it, the strength of quantum computers is difficult to fully exert, and only some algorithms can be accelerated. Therefore, traditional computers and quantum computers are in a complementary relationship, not just new technologies completely replacing traditional ones. the process of.
The direction of application of quantum computing
As early as May 4, 2016, IBM released a quantum computing service that allows users to connect to IBM quantum computers through the cloud for experimentation and simulation. As a revolutionary technology, quantum computing is getting more and more attention. Microsoft and Google have invested in their own research and development. The practical application of quantum computing is getting closer and closer to us step by step.
·Data calculation
Data calculation
When it comes to applications, the core function of quantum computers is naturally data computing, ultra-high operational computing power, which is a must for many industries. For example, the artificial intelligence direction of this year's fire, through deep learning, constantly improve the algorithm until the product meets people's intelligent needs. In this process, the cost of machine learning is often huge, so many artificial intelligence can only respond to certain keywords in a certain field, and it is difficult to meet people's complex situational applications. Naturally, it will be called "artificial mental retardation". . However, if you use the high-speed computing of quantum computers, the learning cost of the machine will be greatly reduced, and the application scenarios of AI will be enriched. In fact, not only artificial intelligence, quantum computing has great potential in big data analysis, smart cities, financial models and so on.
·Communication encryption
Information security relies on algorithm encryption
The security of various passwords today relies on various encryption algorithm technologies, but for quantum computers, high-speed parallelism can be easily solved by specific algorithms. Based on the characteristics of quantum entanglement, in the communication process, if someone wants to eavesdrop on the communication content and measure the quantum, the other end of the quantum will inevitably be perceived, thus terminating the transmission of confidential information, and the trade secret can be adequately guaranteed.
The development of quantum technology is naturally a major direction in the future, but we still need to see the problems. First, the requirements of quantum computing are more stringent and need to work in extremely low temperature environment. Second, the research of quantum related technology has bottlenecks. For example, how to create a purely entangled state to overcome the information distortion of quantum communication; the third is the change brought by quantum computing, such as the revolutionary change of cryptography, the traditional encryption technology, the industry, the whereabouts of personal information security, quantum computing How to prevent attacks. The fourth is the difference in the level of research and development of quantum computing technology in various countries. Who is the standard, and the emergence of quantum hegemony. These are all we need to know.
Quantum computing technology will inevitably come and bring great changes to our lives, but it is still in the development stage. Therefore, there is no need to be overly touted, affirming the value of technology, and rationally planning research. This is the key to maintaining innovation and competitiveness in a company and even the country. What's more, quantum computing is not too far away from changing the life.
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