The robot industry has been hailed as the “Pearl of the Top of the Manufacturing Crown†in the world. The development of the robot industry has become a national strategy for the world to seize the commanding heights of the future economy and technology. Industrial robots have been widely used in automotive and auto parts manufacturing, machinery processing, electrical and electronic industries, rubber and plastics, food industry and many other fields. As an irreplaceable important equipment and means in advanced manufacturing, industrial robots have become an important indicator of a country's manufacturing level and technology level.
In terms of technology development, industrial robots will further develop in terms of accuracy, speed, efficiency, human-computer interaction and intelligence.
The mechanical structure is developing in a modular and reconfigurable direction. For example, the servo motor, the speed reducer and the detection system of the joint module are integrated in three positions; the robot module is constructed by the joint module and the link module in a recombination manner. The control system is developing in the direction of openness and high integration, and the development control system of the PC will be adopted to facilitate standardization and networking. Control system device integration will increase and control cabinets will become smaller and smaller. Sensors are increasingly prominent. Assembly and welding robots use sensors such as position, velocity, acceleration, and force. Remote-controlled robots use multi-sensor fusion technologies such as vision, sound, force, and touch to perform environmental modeling and decision control. In addition, with the development of artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, industrial robots will become increasingly intelligent, and they can independently explore the value of big data while learning independently.
It is worth mentioning that since 2011, China's industrial robot market has grown rapidly, and the robot industry chain has gradually formed. However, the domestic robot core technology is still subject to people, and the quality, performance and reliability of related products are also far from the foreign products.
It is reported that the core components of industrial robots include high-precision reducers, high-performance AC servo motors and drives, and high-performance controllers. These core components play a key role in the performance of the entire industrial robot. At present, multinational companies have obvious advantages in all aspects of the core industry, such as core components, complete machines, and system integration. For example, in the field of reducers, harmonic reducers used in industrial joint robots are basically monopolized by a Hamerna company in Japan. Another more important RV reducer is also basically monopolized by a company in Nabtesco, Japan. These two Japanese companies currently account for 75% of the global industrial robot reducer market. In recent years, the domestic RV reducer has made initial progress in independent research and development, but it is still in small batch production.
In terms of servo system, the special nature of robot motion makes the servo system have high precision, high dynamic response, high overload capability and high reliability. At present, the domestic servo system still has a certain gap in terms of function, performance and process compared with foreign products. In particular, the key technologies such as adaptive mechanical resonance suppression technology, adaptive low-frequency vibration technology and inertia dynamic feedforward technology are not fully grasped in China.
In terms of controllers, the hardware platform used by domestic robot controllers is not much different from foreign products. The existing gaps are mainly reflected in the ease of use of control algorithms and secondary development platforms.
In the field of industrial robots, FANUC, KUKA, ABB, and Yaskawa are the absolute strengths in the global market. In addition, the use efficiency of industrial robots is realized through high reliability, which involves materials, design, procurement, processing, equipment, testing, aging test, technical maintenance and other aspects. The investment is large and the cycle is long. This is precisely the domestic enterprise. Short board.
The "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Industrial Robot Industry" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology clearly states that it will break through the core technologies around market demand. In the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will organize the development of China's robot technology roadmap and the “13th Five-Year Plan†for the robot industry. By strengthening the top-level design, we will guide the development of the industry, and strive to break through key technologies and important links to promote the healthy development of the robot industry.
expert's point
Cao Yueyu, Manager of Servo Motors, Motion Control Department, Digital Factory Group, Siemens (China)
Servo motors require precise positioning and fast response
As the "muscle" of the robot, the servo motor must be able to accurately position and respond quickly. In order to achieve accurate positioning, a high-precision rotary encoder is mounted at the rear of the motor, and the spatial geometric position of the swing arm is detected by an encoder. Generally, the rated speed of the servo motor is several thousand revolutions per minute, and the arm swing speed of the robot is generally several revolutions or tens of revolutions. In order to make full use of the servo motor's output capability and improve mechanical stability, a high-precision compact gearbox can be installed between the servo motor and the robot arm to increase the output torque. The swing arm rotates for one week, and the servo motor needs to rotate for several decades or even hundreds of weeks. Therefore, the encoder needs to use a multi-turn absolute encoder to effectively monitor the swing arm position.
Efficient path movement or spatial positioning is not a static process, but a dynamic process.
James Taylor, General Manager of Uniro Robot China
Man-machine cooperation robot market has broad prospects
Industrial robots were large, cumbersome, expensive, and complicated to program decades ago, meaning that robots were fixed in one place for a long time without change. People have these deep-rooted impressions on industrial robots, and believe that the flexibility is reduced after automation, and it is difficult. This also makes SMEs deterred from automation to some extent. But in fact, we have seen significant changes in the development of industrial robots, smaller, lighter, more cost-effective, easier to program and safer. This means that manufacturers can do all sorts of work with robots. Human-machine collaboration robots are embarking on the trend of this trend, which is the flexibility and security of industrial manufacturing.
Zhu Wenbin, Simulation Business Development Manager, TI Semiconductor Division, China
Industrial robots require high sensor accuracy
Everyone often sees that the factory has robots for processing. This is a sight that was rarely seen 20 years ago and is now more and more common. The arm and automatic running production line of large industrial processing robots have high reliability requirements for sensors and high precision. Because of the industrial site, such as high-precision machining, if the robot arm is not processed by a very high-precision sensor, the product may be out of tolerance, tolerance or too defective. Household consumption sensors will place higher demands.
Reliability and safety are easily overlooked in the design because such robots require higher safety performance. When there are people below, if the pressure is not controlled, mistakes may occur, so the pressure sensor chip, 30V input overvoltage characteristics and single-chip solution will be required.
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