Servo motor working principle, DC and AC servo motor

The word "servo" derives from the Greek word "slave." "Servo motor" can be understood as a motor that absolutely obeys the command signal: the rotor is stationary before the control signal is issued; the rotor rotates immediately when the control signal is issued; the rotor can stop immediately when the control signal disappears.

The servo motor is a micro motor used as an actuator in an automatic control device. Its function is to convert an electric signal into angular displacement or angular velocity of a rotary shaft.

working principle

1. A servo mechanism is an automatic control system that makes an object's position, orientation, status, and other output controlled variables follow any changes in the input target (or setpoint). The servo mainly depends on the pulse to position, basically can understand like this, the servo motor receives 1 pulse, will rotate the angle corresponding to 1 pulse, thus realize displacement.

Because the servo motor itself has a pulsed function, the servo motor will send a corresponding number of pulses for each rotation of the servo motor. Thus, the servo motor responds to the pulse received by the servo motor, or is called a closed loop. In this way, the system will know How many pulses are sent to the servo motor and how many pulses are received back at the same time, so that the rotation of the motor can be controlled very accurately so as to realize accurate positioning and can reach 0.001 mm.

DC and AC servo motors

1, DC servo motor is divided into brush and brushless motor.

The brush motor has low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed range, easy control and maintenance, but it is inconvenient to maintain (for carbon brushes), generates electromagnetic interference, and has environmental requirements. It can therefore be used in cost-sensitive general industrial and civil applications.

The brushless motor is small in size, light in weight, large in output, fast in response, high in speed, small in inertia, smooth in rotation, and stable in torque. The control is complex and it is easy to realize intelligence. The electronic commutation mode is flexible, and it can be changed by square wave or sine wave. The motor is maintenance-free, high efficiency, low operating temperature, low electromagnetic radiation, long life, and can be used in various environments.

2. AC servo motors are also brushless motors, which are divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors. Synchronous motors are generally used in current motion control. Its power range is large and can achieve large power. With high inertia, the maximum rotational speed is low, and it rapidly decreases with increasing power. Therefore, it is suitable for low speed and smooth operation.

3. The rotor inside the servo motor is a permanent magnet. The U/V/W three-phase power controlled by the driver forms an electromagnetic field. The rotor rotates under the action of this magnetic field. At the same time, the motor comes with an encoder feedback signal to the driver. The driver is based on the feedback value. Compare with the target value and adjust the rotation angle of the rotor. The accuracy of the servo motor is determined by the encoder accuracy (number of lines).

The difference in function between AC servo motor and brushless DC servo motor:

AC servo is better because it is sine wave control and torque ripple is small. DC servo is a trapezoidal wave. However, the DC servo is relatively simple and inexpensive.

Permanent magnet AC servo motor

The main advantages of permanent magnet AC servo motor compared with DC servo motor are:

(1) No brush and commutator, so the work is reliable and the requirements for maintenance and maintenance are low.

(2) The stator winding heat dissipation is more convenient.

(3) Small inertia, easy to improve the rapidity of the system.

(4) Adapt to high speed and high torque working conditions.

(5) Smaller volume and weight at the same power.

M8/M12/M16 Connector Series

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M12 connectors are established as one of the most reliable and efficient connection standards for Industrial Machinery and Factory Automation applications. With a small footprint, extremely low failure rate and high performance capabilities, this range is ideal not only for sensor connections but also for various fieldbus systems.
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IP67 degree of protection
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A-Coded
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