The reduction in fertility and the increase in the average life expectancy have made the world’s aging problem worse. Today, the population of people over the age of 65 in Europe and North America has reached 183 million. The U.S. Census Commission estimates that by 2030, this number will reach 251 million. Therefore, the needs of elderly care workers are also increasing.
At this time, the nursing robot came into being. In the future, these robots will help professional nursing staff to care for the elderly in the home or hospital. It can not only reduce the cost of hiring a professional nurse but also give the elderly more freedom.
Although the nursing robots will bring many benefits to the community, the data show that people's acceptance of nursing robots is not high at this stage. The European Commission has conducted a survey covering 27 European countries: More than 50% of people want the state to ban nursing robots. Nearly 90% said that if they really take care of their elderly or children, they will feel that they do not know. The measures.
So how do we increase the acceptance of robots? First of all, of course, it is to persuade people that robots are safe. However, although security is very important, it is not enough. We also need to let people know that robots can take into consideration the patient’s privacy, freedom and social relationships and reduce the pressure on patients.
Many people take moral assessment into consideration when considering the use of nursing robots. Therefore, as the robots' cognition and ability to improve, they need to make an independent moral evaluation. Studies have shown that the higher the degree of freedom of robots, the more ethical they need to be, especially when they reach vulnerable groups. In other words, nursing robots need to make corresponding ethical judgments when they care for the elderly.
Having ethical criteria for nursing robots will allow more patients and professional nurses to accept them. Research shows that if we do not trust and pay attention to the ethical behavior of robots, then we will not accept them. Therefore, many research teams have come up with some ways to give robots ethical guidelines. At this stage, research in this area is still at an early stage. However, research has been developing, and industry insiders predict that there will be tremendous progress in this area in the coming years.
After determining the importance of robot ethics, we need to choose the applicable moral principles. First of all, many experts propose to select the moral standards of robots from some existing moral principles (such as pragmatism and Kant's deontology). In addition, some industry insiders believe that machine learning technology also applies to the ethical standards of care robots. However, both methods have their own limitations, and so far have not produced satisfactory results.
The third method is more practical. We believe that the best method comes from practice, so robots should directly ask their contacts (such as patients, patient relatives, caregivers, etc.). In other words, robots should be user-oriented. One of the advantages of this method is that the user is directly involved in the design of the robot. In fact, to a large extent, the people who currently discuss the ethical standards of robots are limited to academia, engineers, and legal staff. But after all, it's still the users who use robots, so we need people who have direct contact with them to participate in the design.
Therefore, we conducted a survey to understand the public's judgment on the ethical standards of robots. We designed a scenario:
Annie is an elderly person cared for by a care robot. The task of the robot includes reminding her to take medicine at a specific time. But one day, Annie refuses to take drugs. At this time, the robot needs to make a moral balance between his duties and the freedom of his master.
Some questions were designed in the survey. The answer is some scenario assumptions. Participants can make choices based on their own opinions. If people are more inclined to a certain answer, then we will use this as a guide to design robots; if people's answers are more dispersed, then this shows that the so-called moral standards vary from person to person, so we need to design a customized robot.
If you want to participate in the survey, please poke here.
As for the final investigation results, Lei Feng network (search "Lei Feng network" public number concerned) will share with you in the first time.
Via:Robohub
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