China regards the Internet of Things as an important strategy to promote the process of industrial informationization, and implements the application of the Internet of Things in development. Fisheries, as a basic industry that is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, is particularly important in terms of informationization and intelligence. The promotion and application of Internet of Things technology in the fishery field is to realize intelligent control, scientific management, information service and full traceability of the production and operation process, improve resource utilization and labor productivity, and improve the output, quality and safety of aquatic products. Sexuality, raising the income level of fishermen and the health of the vast number of consumers are of great significance. In this issue, we invited the Internet of Things experts from the Fisheries Economics and Information Research Office of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences to write this article to introduce IoT technology and its application in aquaculture. The research laboratory has made great achievements in the research of Internet of Things, and has formed a set of technical solutions for applying Internet of Things technology to aquaculture.
First, the concept and characteristics of the Internet of Things
1. The concept of the Internet of Things
The Internet of things is an important part of the new generation of information technology. As the name implies, the Internet of Things is the Internet connected by objects. The Internet of Things is a network that extends and expands on the basis of the Internet. According to the agreed agreement, any item is connected to the Internet through information sensing equipment, and information exchange and communication are carried out to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.
2. Characteristics of the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things has three characteristics. One is comprehensive perception, that is, the use of RFID, sensors and two-dimensional codes to acquire information of objects at any time and any place. Second, reliable transmission, through the integration of various telecommunication networks and the Internet, the information of objects is accurate in real time. The third is intelligent processing, using cloud computing and fuzzy recognition and other intelligent computing technologies to analyze and process massive amounts of data and information, and implement intelligent control of objects.
Second, the key technology of the Internet of Things
The key technologies of the Internet of Things mainly include radio frequency identification technology, sensing technology, network and communication technology and data mining and fusion technologies.
1. Radio frequency identification technology
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is also a non-contact automatic identification technology. It is a short-range communication technology, and related technologies include Bluetooth technology. RFID automatically identifies the target object and acquires relevant data through the RF signal. The identification process can work in various harsh environments without manual intervention. RFID technology can recognize high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple labels at the same time, which is quick and easy to operate. RFID technology combined with technologies such as the Internet and communications enables global tracking and information sharing.
2. Sensing technology
Sensing technology, together with computer technology and communication technology, is called the three pillars of information technology. Sensing technology is a multidisciplinary modern science and engineering technology that acquires information from, and processes (transforms) and identifies information from natural sources. The sensor is a detecting device that can sense the measured information and can transform the detected information into an electrical signal or other required form of information output according to a certain rule to satisfy the information transmission, processing, storage and display. Requirements such as control and control are the primary steps for automatic detection and automatic control.
3. Network and communication technology
IoT data is provided through the sensor's network communication technology to provide a transmission channel. The realization of the Internet of Things involves short-range communication technology and long-distance transportation technology. Short-range communication technology, including RFID technology and Bluetooth technology, is a key technology of the Internet of Things formed by the development of contactless authentication and the Internet in the past, and has the function of short-distance connection. In the Internet of Things, telematics usually transfers data information from machine to machine, machine to person, or person to machine.
4. Data mining and fusion technology
From the sensing layer of the Internet of Things to the application layer, the types and quantities of various information are multiplied, and the amount of data to be analyzed is also increased in stages. It also involves data between various heterogeneous networks or multiple systems. Convergence issues. Data Mining (DM) is a process of selecting, exploring, and modeling large amounts of incomplete data in order to discover potentially useful knowledge that people don't know beforehand. Data fusion (DF) is an information processing process for automatically observing and integrating the observations and estimation tasks of the sensors obtained by time series using computer technology under certain rules.
Third, the application of Internet of Things technology in fisheries
1. Application in water quality monitoring of aquaculture
Water quality control and water quality management are extremely important links in the aquaculture process. The quality of water quality management directly determines the success or failure of aquaculture, which is related to the production, quality and economic benefits of aquaculture. The development of Internet of Things technology has created conditions for the creation of intelligent aquaculture. Based on intelligent sensing, wireless sensor network, communication, intelligent processing and intelligent control and other Internet of Things technologies, it integrates water quality environmental parameters online collection, intelligent networking, wireless transmission, intelligent processing, early warning information release, decision support, remote and The aquaculture IoT system, which integrates functions such as automatic control, enables farmers to grasp the water quality and environmental information in real time through mobile terminals, PDAs, computers and other information terminals, and obtain abnormal alarm information and water quality warning information in time, and can be based on water quality monitoring results. Real-time adjustment of control equipment to achieve scientific aquaculture and management of aquaculture, and ultimately achieve the goal of energy saving, green environmental protection, increasing production and income.
Yixing City, Jiangsu Province established the first IoT aquaculture base in Jiangsu Province in the Pengyu Ecological Park of Gaochun Town. In the 1000-acre river crab culture ponds of 5 pilot farm households, 13 water quality parameter collection points, 5 wireless control points, and 5 GPRS equipments were installed, equipped with a small weather station and a monitoring center. The aquaculture environment intelligent monitoring system used in the demonstration base can monitor the dissolved oxygen, pH value and water temperature in the crab pond online, adjust the water quality in time, predict the occurrence of various diseases, and make the aquatic products grow in the most suitable environment. To achieve the effects of increasing production, saving energy, saving labor, timely medication, and reducing environmental pollution. According to the calculation of the agriculture and forestry department of Yixing City, after using this system, the monitoring cost per acre of river crab culture surface is about 400 yuan, the yield per mu is increased by 10% to 15%, the average increase efficiency of mu is up to 1000 yuan, and the aquaculture is reduced to the surrounding area. Pollution of the water environment.
2. Application in cold chain logistics of aquatic products
The Internet of Things technology is applied to all aspects of raw material procurement, product storage, transportation and sales of aquatic product cold chain logistics, enabling intelligent monitoring of the entire process. Zhejiang Zhoushan Lugang Logistics Co., Ltd. is not perfect enough for the current cold chain logistics service network and information system, affecting the quality, accuracy and timeliness of food logistics in the process, and can not be tracked, recorded, and problems can be traced in the logistics process. At the same time, we will focus on the development of aquatic product cold chain logistics warehousing and supply chain distribution management system based on IoT technology, realize multi-level remote monitoring function, and lay a solid foundation for promoting Zhoushan to establish a comprehensive information management platform for smart logistics and establish a modern logistics industry system. The basic and technical reserves have laid a solid foundation and technical reserve for the promotion of Zhoushan's comprehensive information management platform for intelligent logistics and the establishment of a modern logistics industry system.
3. Application in traceability of aquatic product quality and safety
Traceability refers to the ability to track the history, purpose, or location of an entity through the identification of the record, that is, to trace the history, application, location, or similar product of the product using existing, unique record identifiers corresponding to the entity. , the ability of activities. The quality and safety traceability of aquatic products is mainly based on advanced technologies such as radio frequency identification, bar code and temperature sensing to carry out information management on the whole process of breeding, breeding, processing, logistics and sales of aquatic products, and realize the information on the whole life cycle of aquatic products. Quick identification and traceability management.
Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province, combined with provincial-level aquatic product quality and safety traceability system construction project, implemented the construction of aquaculture intelligent chemical networking system, built 10 traces of quality and safety of aquatic products, and built the origin of aquatic products - specialty stores, origins - Two types of circulation safety traceability models in the wholesale market have established a traceability network platform for aquatic product quality and safety. The city has also set up 10 aquatic product quality and safety inquiry terminals, which can trace the production and circulation of aquatic products at relevant bases through touch screens.
Fourth, the conclusion
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the application of Internet of Things technology in fisheries has become more and more important and more and more important. IoT technology is widely used in all aspects of fisheries and is an important way to realize the modernization of fisheries. It can promote the sustainable development of fisheries in China. Fishermen continue to increase production and income, improve the quality and level of fishery industry development, and achieve sustainable use and construction of fishery resources. The ecological environment promotes the construction of modern fisheries.
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