The global refugee crisis is a humanitarian problem that runs through history. More importantly, as long as war exists, it will continue to exist. As global conflicts are becoming more and more rampant, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, it is not surprising that more than 68 million people are currently displaced in the world.
Asylum seekers leave their country, move to a new area, and integrate into a new society. This process is currently a thorny and headache for all stakeholders. For refugees and their families, this is an extraordinary emotional journey. Because of the violence, many people did not have access to appropriate resources and documents that met the guidelines when they fled.
For immigration and aid agencies, this is also a severe war. Effectively providing and allocating resources to refugee camps has become a daunting task. But for every stakeholder, there are many logistical problems, such as the loss of key documents and certificates, which prolongs the immigration process.
Although national conflicts and disagreements are social phenomena and no technology can solve them, blockchain technology can solve many system and logistical problems that prolong the refugee crisis.
The digital ledgers that underpin most cryptocurrencies can help alleviate problems caused by lack of transparency, accountability, identification, poor allocation of resources, and tracking of funds. The combination of these factors will improve the overall living conditions of refugees, and even change and innovate the way we help refugees.
Lack of transparency and accountabilityIn the past 50 years, the immigration process of forced immigration has remained relatively unchanged. Although new technologies for tracking and storing information have been developed, unfortunately, these technologies are not often used to solve refugee problems. To make matters worse, asylum seekers did not carry the necessary documents required by many countries.
According to NRC research, 70% of Syrian refugees lack the necessary identification and property ownership documents. This is difficult for individuals, and even from the perspective of the government, the process is very unclear.
KrisTIan Hollins of the Lowry Institute points out that, unfortunately, the lack of transparency and accountability is due to unclear international responsibilities of key parties. Hollins said:
“For countries that accept asylum seekers, the challenge of verifying identity is well known. Most countries have laws and procedural requirements to meet this requirement. However, there is no consensus on how to best establish a person’s identity. International consensus."
According to Big Think, even if refugees do have identification documents and reach their destination safely, it is very difficult to track all the data needed in a large bureaucracy.
In addition, these bureaucracies have no clear standards for data and identification records. In general, all these things slowly evolved into a big problem, often leading to long-term detention, imprisonment, and sometimes deportation of refugees and their families.
Poor distribution of life suppliesAccording to data from the World Economic Forum (World Economic Forum) and the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), approximately 22.5 million refugees depend on international organizations, non-governmental organizations and international aid communities. The lack of transparency and accountability is not only a matter of documentation and identity; it also becomes a huge challenge when it comes to the distribution of life supplies. In countries with underdeveloped information infrastructure, this challenge is even more severe.
The distribution of aid is a key component, because many families have almost nothing when they fled. According to the UNHCR emergency guidelines, most of the time these refugees do not have any personal belongings. Refugees not only need food and water, but also special non-food items such as shelter, cooking utensils and basic medical and sanitary equipment.
Although the UNHCR has different distribution system options, there are still many problems in the distribution process, because the distribution is difficult to coordinate, and the distribution is often delayed when there are logistical, administrative and security issues. In addition, even if there are no delays, sometimes there will be shortages of supply and improper allocation of resources. These problems also include lack of donations and misappropriation of funds.
Blockchain can protect identity and curb corruptionThe Big Think report stated that although blockchain technology has the potential to change many different industries, its most important advantage lies in its ability to store information. Unlike traditional ledgers, blockchain can "distribute instant verification and complete records of any transaction to every node in its network."
Having a distributed, decentralized ledger is very helpful to increase transparency, because every node in the network can see every transaction completed. On the blockchain network, information cannot be changed or altered. Therefore, blockchain technology is a great tool to improve accountability, track resources, and help every stakeholder involved in the refugee crisis.
If there is corruption, because the ledger is decentralized, decentralized, and not controlled by centralized power, it is not easy to be tampered with. This is also a system where governments and non-profit organizations can participate, especially in the identification, recording and distribution of aid materials. Collaborative participation can form a more accurate database of responsibilities and tasks.
Therefore, building an identity recognition system on a blockchain network is of great value because it can be easily verified, cannot be falsified, has a timestamp, and is publicly available for everyone to view.
According to the World Economic Forum, they believe that refugees can benefit from a digitally authenticated identity document based on a blockchain network.
Therefore, companies like Microsoft and Accenture are working with the United Nations to help refugees establish a permanent identity system. Identity verification will use biometric data (such as fingerprints or iris scans) for verification, and blockchain technology will serve as a public ledger to record the status of each person.
With clear identification, these refugees will be able to access services, and unfortunately, those without such documents will not be able to access services. ID2020 executive director David Treat (David Treat) said:
"If you don't have an identity certificate, you can't get education, financial services, and medical care. Then you will be deprived of your rights and marginalized by society."
When it comes to material distribution, blockchain combined with the Internet of Things (IoT) can ensure that goods, supplies and even donations in the entire supply chain can be tracked. Through a small chip, these donated materials can be monitored to ensure that it will not be damaged in any way.
In addition, when there is a delay in transportation, the amount of data and information that the IoT chip can capture can also alert the organizer. Increased transparency and accountability make it easier for interested parties and related people to be held accountable for their actions.
Blockchain can make the immigration process humaneAlthough blockchain technology cannot solve the root cause of the refugee crisis, it can improve the living conditions of refugees and the immigration process. Having a clear, transparent, distributed, and decentralized digital ledger will add a lot of value to every stakeholder in the refugee crisis, especially refugees, who will benefit the most from this system.
A spokesperson for the German non-governmental organization Reset stated:
"Although blockchain can be said to be a lower-cost record-keeping method than traditional software, its real benefit is that it preserves transparent, instant, and undisputed transaction records."
Big Think believes that through the use of blockchain technology to solve many intermediary issues such as identity tracking, resource allocation, and transparency in the supply chain process, the lives of refugees in the world can be significantly improved.
These improvements will provide a more humane immigration process for refugees and asylum seekers. A more effective, streamlined, and more humane process will perfectly improve the existing living conditions of refugees and give rights to immigrants around the world.
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