The new energy automobile industry is also inseparable from the support of the policy, but what is more needed is the incentive, rebellion and screening of the market. Today, it is reported that the new policy for subsidies for new energy vehicles has been signed by four ministries recently and is expected to be released in mid-December. Chen Qingtai, the former deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that the new energy auto industry at this time is still inseparable from the policy support, but what is more needed is the incentive, rebellion and screening of the market. All kinds of situations show that the driving force for development has reached a period of policy-driven and market-driven and policy-driven transformation.
Since last year, with the new energy vehicle exceeding the sales and sales volume of 1.5%, China's electric vehicles have entered the growth period from the introduction period. Improving the technical level, improving the industrial chain, reducing production costs, and establishing independent brands are the core lines of growth.
"Cheats" into the "hidden rules" for the production of new energy vehiclesMany new energy vehicle manufacturers have used the loopholes in the state subsidy policy, and they have formed a secret industrial chain. Some experts estimate that from 2015 to 2020, China's subsidies for new energy vehicles may exceed 400 billion.
The new energy vehicle fraud investigation survey started in January this year officially released the survey results. Everyone said that this is the "watershed" of the new energy vehicle market.
On September 8, the Ministry of Finance issued a circular, saying that 90 major new energy auto companies were inspected for a total of 401,000 new energy vehicles that had received and reported central financial subsidies from 2013 to 2015. Car. It also lists five companies as typical deception cases: Suzhou Jim West, Suzhou Jinlong, Shenzhen Wuzhoulong, Chery Wanda Guizhou Bus and Henan Shaolin Bus, involving a subsidy of 1.01 billion yuan for new energy vehicles. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology stopped the implementation of the central financial subsidies for these five enterprises, and canceled the qualification of the vehicle for Jim West. The other four companies were asked to remove the problem vehicles from the promotion catalogue and recover the subsidy funds.
Subsequently, a list of “complete version†fraudulent car dealers began to spread on the Internet. According to the list, 70 of the more than 90 companies surveyed had fraudulent and illegal tactics, involving a subsidy of 9.2 billion. The official did not respond to this.
The announcement issued by the listed company Jinlong Automobile on November 21st indicated that the Ministry of Finance will recover the 5,000 million yuan of the central financial subsidy of Suzhou Jinlong in 2015, and impose a fine of 50% of the amount of violations, ie 259 million yuan. This means that Suzhou Jinlong will "spit" nearly 800 million yuan. This is by far the largest penalty for government agencies in the incident of new energy vehicles.
How do new energy auto companies lie?According to Liu Jinzhou, Liu Bin and Fang Haifeng of the Research Office of New Energy Vehicles and Finance and Taxation Policy of China Automotive Technology and Research Center, according to the analysis of the “cheat†behaviors that have emerged, there are mainly three modes: unproductive, false reporting of certificates, products and The key parameters of the road motor vehicle manufacturing enterprise and product announcement are inconsistent, and the application subsidy is reused after the battery is disassembled.
The domestic new energy auto industry is strikingly similar to the past photovoltaic industry in terms of state subsidies, local support, and even policy fraud.
According to the relevant regulations on the production of motor vehicles, vehicles must have a unique vehicle identification code before registration, and should have a certificate of conformity. Some enterprises have applied for financial certification by falsely reporting vehicle certification, falsely reporting production, even issuing licenses, applying for subsidies, and failing to comply with relevant state regulations in the process. If they are unproduced vehicles, they apply to the state for registration and apply for financial subsidies. Therefore, the unproductive or false report of the vehicle is a typical fraudulent act. The judgment is based on whether the vehicle has been completed before the new car is on the market. For example, more than 100 registered vehicles of a certain enterprise in South China have not completed the production.
In April this year, the “Notice on the Financial Support Policy for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles in 2016-2020†issued by the four ministries and commissions clearly stipulated that the supervision and verification of the promotion of new energy vehicles will be strengthened. Therefore, the actual technical parameters, configuration and performance indicators of the relevant promotion and application models of the enterprise should be consistent with the relevant indicators approved by the Announcement. However, in order to obtain higher subsidies, some enterprises apply for financial subsidies by falsely reporting mileage, battery parameters, vehicle length (bus) and other indicators, which violates relevant regulations. In this case, the financial subsidy funds obtained by the enterprise belong to the illegal income, which is also a fraudulent act.
In the new energy vehicle "cheat", the battery of the vehicle becomes the key carrier of "cheat". In new energy vehicles, because the main components of vehicles such as the body, seats, power batteries, and tires cannot be traced uniquely, there is room for unscrupulous companies to profit by disassembling and reselling these components. Among them, the battery serial number and the frame number are not strong, and it is difficult to respond one by one. Many of the vehicles can use the same battery, which causes some enterprises to apply for financial subsidies through battery disassembly and reuse.
Wrong subsidies "targeting"At present, most of the reflections on the incidents of new energy vehicles are focused on how to make up the loopholes in the subsidy identification and issuance procedures. Most people in the industry are not willing to completely negate the industry subsidies.
Subsidies for specific industries to promote the development of emerging industries and optimize their industrial structure are not uncommon in all countries. In the new energy vehicle industry alone, the support measures of various countries have also been refurbished, but in general, the tax reduction policy is the main one.
For example, the new energy vehicle subsidy policy in the United States and Japan is mainly through tax cuts and infrastructure subsidies including subsidies for charging facilities. However, it is relatively rare to carry out huge “consumption subsidies†directly and extensively like China. Inquiring into the past data, we can see that in the subsidy policy from 2013 to 2015, the pure electric passenger subsidy is divided into three categories: 6-8 meters subsidy 300,000 yuan, 8-10 meters subsidy 400,000 yuan, and 10 meters subsidy 500,000 yuan. Yuan, local subsidies are in accordance with the national 1:1 ratio. In 2015, a 6-8-meter pure electric bus, the country can add up to 600,000 yuan.
Such subsidies lead to the subsidy amount directly deposited on the sales side. The consequence of the “targeting†of the wrong subsidy is that the company shortens the R&D process and only seeks to quickly enter the market. Enterprises that are still immature in product technology will blindly introduce products to the market in order to obtain subsidies, and even find ways to falsify sales, or sell products to affiliated companies, idle, fraudulent and illegal.
Side effects of industry subsidiesThere seems to be a subsidy where there is a subsidy. It is a commonplace for traditional industries such as agriculture and photovoltaics to criticize. In the context of domestic animation, in the context of the national level calling for the promotion of the animation industry, in order to strive for relevant projects, local governments will subsidize domestic animations in minutes, in addition to tax incentives. Under the stimulation of subsidies, a large number of animated works that were shoddy and only required to be released at the box office were listed, and the audience was pushed to the embrace of imported animation.
The demand created by subsidies is ultimately “pseudo-demandâ€. In terms of the current new energy vehicle market, whether it is the “illusion†of market prosperity brought by subsidies or the policy-oriented demand brought by ordinary automobile purchase restrictions, it is a distortion of the market mechanism, which will lead to the market situation of enterprises. Misjudgment.
However, the industry dependence of the "consumption subsidies" may have consequences that are far more serious than misjudging the market. Policy subsidies cannot exist forever. Once the profits of enterprises do not depend on consumers who vote with their feet, they rely on government subsidies. Naturally, they will not spend too much time fighting for the market, let alone research and development and innovation. A production chain that is rapidly expanding due to the rash or extensive policy, once the subsidy is reduced or suddenly exits, there is a possibility of collapse.
Let the policy return policy, the market return to the market, the formulation of industrial policies should be relatively cautious, and fully consider the market rules, so as not to disrupt the normal development of the industry. At the moment when the new energy vehicle market really began to prosper, it was impossible to come ahead in advance due to financial subsidies or vehicle purchase restrictions, and even the public's awareness of environmental protection. It is only possible that in the cruel fight of the market, companies find their own business model and solve the natural consumer's rigid demand for price, safety and endurance.
This node cannot be brought in advance because of subsidy support, but it may be “promoted by the seedlings†because of the wrong subsidy method, and overdraft productivity in advance.
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