Human-machine interface (HMI) is a channel for interaction between humans and cars, which can directly affect the user experience in the car. Especially for smart cars, HMI is the most important way to support users in using the vehicle and obtaining services. The realization of this plays a key role. The shift of the core of design from attention to trust is the most significant change brought by unmanned driving to HMI. Adapting to this change is the key to improving the user experience of unmanned driving. For this reason, we still face many challenges.
As major technology companies and host manufacturers successively release their own versions of self-driving cars, cabin layout without brakes, accelerator pedals and steering wheels has gradually become a popular design direction in the industry; at the same time, with the continuous advancement of research and development and policies, As unmanned driving is getting closer and closer to landing applications, the experience of passengers in the car has become a problem that people are very concerned about.
Human-machine interface (HMI) is a channel for interaction between humans and cars, which can directly affect the user experience in the car. Especially for smart cars, HMI is the most important way to support users in using the vehicle and obtaining services. The realization of this plays a key role.
The human-machine interface HMI of the traditional automobile is also called the Driver Interface. The primary task of the driver is driving. Supporting and assisting driving naturally become the core functions of the HMI. In addition, secondary tasks such as infotainment and cockpit control (Secondary Task) are also designed for driving scenarios, and the impact on driving safety must be strictly evaluated.
However, since there is no driver in an unmanned vehicle, the original HMI design goal naturally loses its meaning. Then, what new meaning will HMI produce in an unmanned vehicle? What design thinking should be adopted? To answer this question, we must first find out what kind of changes have taken place in the status of the people in the car, and what new requirements this change poses.
The core of traditional automotive HMI design can be attributed to a cognitive psychology concept: "Attention". The most important issue considered in the design process is the driver's attention shift and load, and the most weighted index in the test evaluation, "Distraction (DistracTIon), is also the category of attention.
Note that there are two types:
1. The application of stimulus-oriented attention in HMI design, on the one hand, is to avoid distracting attention, such as lane driving assistance and fatigue warning; on the other hand, it is to attract attention, such as car condition alarm and travel reminder.
2. Goal-oriented attention, including all operations and information acquisition with a purpose, will shift the attention from driving to the behavior directed by the goal, leading to distracted driving. However, if the operation method is very consistent with the basic cognitive characteristics of people, and after reaching a certain level of proficiency, an "automated" behavior with low attention resources, also known as "muscle memory", is formed, which can greatly reduce driving at this time. Distracted.
But even so, controlling the car plus the complicated cognitive processes such as observing the road and judging traffic makes it difficult for the driver to allocate enough attention resources to interact with the infotainment system. Therefore, HMI design is a process of carefully balancing the user's attention resources, and try to let the driver use the least attention resources to complete as many tasks as possible, "eye-free interacTIon", "glancing interacTIon" "And so on are the design ideas generated in this process. Many new cars use large-size touch screens while retaining physical buttons with tactile feedback for the same purpose.
Compared with traditional cars, unmanned vehicles allow users to completely release their attention, shifting the core of design to building people's trust in intelligent systems.
Most of people's panic, helplessness, and confusion stem from their distrust of the unknown. People have established a set of mapping models for traditional cars: the steering wheel angle corresponds to the direction of travel, the brake pedal corresponds to the resistance, the accelerator corresponds to the power, the gear corresponds to the transmission, and the lane line gives the position judgment... and when this model is no longer tried, It is difficult for users to understand the state of the car at a certain moment and what process will be generated. Therefore, they are in a dilemma that the system is out of control, and they do not trust the system.
Therefore, if you want to have a good ride experience, you must first re-establish trust. Make people understand the autopilot system and let the user feel that the system is in control. Of course, this does not mean that all information needs to be restored to the passengers according to the principles of the system. The passengers only need a set of self-consistent logic that can support his decision-making and judgment, while reducing learning costs as much as possible. Some promised information will become the key, for example, confirming that the vehicle has stopped, rather than starting at any time when the speed stays at zero.
The second is the trust in the service process. For example, confirm the destination, confirm the identity of the passenger, etc. Travel services have complex processes and nodes. In the past traditional car travel, these nodes are hidden in the interaction between passengers and drivers. The process is so subtle that it is difficult to detect. It is necessary to transfer the complex and obscure communication between people to Machines and HMIs face great challenges. In addition, unmanned vehicles need to support an unattended travel service system. Clear guidance and clear feedback are required to successfully complete the entire closed loop. This requires an extremely reliable interaction process.
Finally, there is the trust of other traffic members in unmanned vehicles. Many people say that Chinese drivers are very unrestrained when driving. In fact, Chinese pedestrians are more unrestrained. Many pedestrians dare to walk in the streets without ignoring the vehicles that are about to drive in front of them. This is based on blind trust in passing vehicles. When the polite driver gave way, he would wave his hand to indicate his passage. But if you are facing a self-driving car, how should pedestrians judge whether the vehicle sees itself, or even politely. Similar trust exists between vehicles. For example, drivers use lights and speakers to communicate, and unmanned vehicles also need to have the ability to communicate with other traffic members.
The shift of the core of design from attention to trust is the most significant change brought by unmanned driving to HMI. Adapting to this change is the key to improving the user experience of unmanned driving. For this reason, we still face many challenges.
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