In order to protect the earth's homeland on which mankind depends, and realize sustainable development of energy, with the development of clean energy and smart grid as important symbols, a new round of energy reform is being promoted worldwide.
Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development. Since the beginning of the 21st century, issues such as world energy supply, energy security, energy efficiency, and energy environment have become increasingly prominent. According to statistics, the total primary energy consumption in the world has increased by nearly a quarter in the past 10 years, reaching 17.3 billion tons of standard coal in 2009. According to current energy reserves and development intensity estimates, the average development time of fossil energy in the world is less than a hundred years. Traditional fossil energy is not renewable, and its large-scale development has brought about a series of problems such as climate change and environmental deterioration. How to improve the energy structure, improve energy efficiency, ensure the security, economical efficiency, and sustainability of energy supply are major and realistic challenges facing humanity.
In order to meet these challenges, protect the planet Earth on which mankind depends, achieve sustainable energy development, meet the needs of coordinated economic, social, and environmental development, and develop clean energy and smart grids as important symbols. New energy transformation.
One of the four characteristics of energy transformation is the diversification of energy structure. The world's energy pattern is changing from "focusing on fossil energy" to "focusing on clean energy and fossil energy." In recent years, the scale of development and utilization of hydropower and nuclear energy in the world has been steadily expanding, and new energy developments such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, ocean tides, and geothermal energy have started late but have developed rapidly. In 2008, clean energy accounted for 18.8% of the total global energy consumption. It is estimated that by 2020, when the total energy consumption increases by 20% compared with 2008, the proportion of clean energy will increase to 19.7%. In the past 10 years, the installed capacity of wind power and solar power in China has increased by 47 times and 21 times respectively, which is far higher than the growth rate of traditional fossil energy. It is estimated that by 2020, in the primary energy consumption structure in China, the proportions of coal, oil and natural gas, hydropower, nuclear energy, and new energy will account for 58.5%, 26.5%, 9%, 4%, and 2% respectively. By then, clean energy will be used. Alternative fossil energy can achieve 1.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction each year.
The second is the scale of energy development. In order to bring about the economies of scale in energy conservation, emission reduction and energy development, many countries are actively promoting the intensive development and utilization of large-scale energy bases. In 2009, the world's top ten oil, natural gas, and coal producing countries accounted for 62%, 64%, and 92% of the world's total production, respectively, with high concentration.
Due to the concentrated distribution of coal, hydropower, and wind power resources in China and their inverse distribution with the development of productivity, the intensive development of energy, large-scale delivery, and wide-range deployment have become inevitable choices. At present, China is developing and constructing 13 large-scale hydropower bases such as the Jinsha River and Dadu River, and 7 million-kilowatt wind power bases in Jiuquan of Gansu Province and Hami of Xinjiang Province. It is estimated that by 2020, the total installed capacity of hydropower in China will reach 300 million kilowatts. Among them, the installed capacity of large hydropower bases will account for more than 75%; the total installed capacity of wind power bases will reach 90.17 million kilowatts, accounting for 78% of the total installed capacity of wind power in the country.
The third is the electrification of energy consumption. Electric energy has the advantages of being clean, efficient, and fast. Electrification is an important symbol of modernization. The development level, energy efficiency level, and living standards of all countries in the world are closely related to the level of electrification. In particular, with the rapid development of emerging industries such as the Internet, the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles, the economic society has become increasingly dependent on electricity, and electricity has increasingly become the core of energy development strategies.
From 2000 to 2009, the world's total energy consumption grew at an average annual rate of 2.1%, while the total electricity consumption grew at an average annual rate of 3.2%. From 2000 to 2009, China's electricity consumption grew at an average annual rate of 11.7%, 2.3% higher than the average annual growth rate of energy consumption. With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization and industrialization, it is expected that by 2020, China’s electricity consumption will account for 25.4% of total terminal energy consumption, which is 9.5 percentage points higher than that of 2000.
The fourth is the intelligentization of energy development. Every global crisis will bring about a new round of technological revolution. After the international financial crisis, many countries have accelerated the development of intelligent power supplies, smart grids, smart homes, smart transportation, and smart cities, and have responded to the needs of climate change, energy security, and economic development. A large number of smart technologies and achievements have been made. Rapidly promote and apply in all walks of life, especially the energy industry. In this process, the smart grid has become the key to the intelligent development of energy, and presents a trend of rapid development.
The energy revolution at the beginning of the 21st century will be preceded by technological innovation, with electricity as the core and the direction of building smart energy systems to optimize energy structure, increase energy efficiency, promote energy conservation, reduce consumption, share social resources, and achieve With the profound transformation of sustainable development as the goal, the role of the power grid in the energy supply system and energy transportation system will become increasingly prominent.
What is a strong smart grid combined with the characteristics of China's energy resources endowments and the actual economic and social conditions of rapid development, the State Grid Corporation of China proposed the development of "strong smart grid" strategic objectives.
The strong smart grid is a grid that combines strong grids with intelligent organic integration. Strong grid is the material basis for safe and reliable power supply, and intelligence is the key to improving the security, controllability, adaptability, and interaction of the power grid. The distance between the large-scale energy bases under construction in China and the central and eastern load centers is generally more than 800 kilometers, and the distance is more than 3,000 kilometers. Only by building a strong grid can we significantly improve the ability of the grid to optimize resource allocation and withstand accident risks. The UHV power grid under construction is the core of this strong grid.
Strong smart grid is a collaborative and efficient integrated interconnected system. The industrial chain of the power grid has a long-term impact. In order to play a role in smart grids, it must achieve close integration and coordinated operation of various links such as power generation, transmission, substation, power distribution, electricity use, and dispatch. By adopting intelligent control technology and equipment, it can reduce the transmission loss of the power grid itself, and at the same time promote the development and application of smart appliances and intelligent facilities, drive the development of new power consumption technologies and upgrade the energy consumption mode, and maximize the comprehensive utilization of energy. effectiveness.
Strong smart grid is a new public service platform in modern society. The power grid is not only the carrier and platform for power transmission, but also an important public service resource. With the application of modern information communication and intelligent control technologies, the power grid will be fully integrated with the Internet, TV networks, and broadcast networks. It will form an open, efficient, high-quality, and convenient public network service platform to achieve a high degree of integration of energy flows and information flows. The integrated application has become an important carrier and effective way to promote the development of a low-carbon economy, and has played an important role in energy strategy transformation and social progress.
Achievements and Prospects In recent years, the State Grid Corporation of China has accelerated the construction of UHV power grids as the backbone grid and coordinated development of all levels of power grids in accordance with the principles of unified planning, unified construction, and unified standards, and has strong intelligence that is characterized by informatization, automation, and interaction. The grid has made important progress.
First, a demonstration project for UHV AC/DC transmission was completed. From Shanxi to Hubei, a total length of 640 kilometers of 1000 kV UHV AC project was completed and put into operation on January 6, 2009. It has been operating safely for nearly 700 days. From Sichuan to Shanghai, it has a total length of 1,907 kilometers and a rated transmission power of 7 million. The ±800 kV UHVDC project of the kilowatt level was completed and put into operation on July 8 this year. The successful construction of these two projects has laid the foundation for the large-scale development and utilization of clean energy, large-scale optimization and allocation of energy resources, and further improvement of energy efficiency, and has opened up a new path for sustainable energy development, also for other countries in the world. Solving energy issues offers important options.
Secondly, substantial progress was made in the strong smart grid key projects. A strong smart grid development plan was formulated and more than 20 smart grid pilot projects covering transmission, transmission, transformation, deployment, use, dispatch, and communications were developed. Among them, the Shanghai World Expo Park smart grid integrated demonstration project has been completed and put into use; in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities have completed the first batch of pilot projects of electric fiber-to-the-home smart community; will build 75 electric vehicle charging stations, 6209 by the end of this year Charging piles; The largest scale demonstration project for wind and solar energy storage and storage in China has been started. In 2012, it will form a comprehensive capacity of 100,000 kilowatts of wind power, 40,000 kilowatts of solar power, and 20,000 kilowatts of chemical energy storage; Smart City, Intelligent Transportation, Smart Home and The Tianjin Eco-City Smart Grid Comprehensive Demonstration Project, which integrates renewable energy use, is being stepped up.
Third, major breakthroughs have been made in the construction of the pilot system and key technologies. We have built four R&D centers for UHV AC, DC, high altitude, and engineering mechanics, as well as two R&D centers for simulation of large power grids and DC complete sets, and formed an experimental system for large-scale power grids with complete functions and comprehensive indexes that are among the world's leading standards. Wind energy, solar power R&D (experimental) center has been initially built. Fully mastered the core technology of UHV AC/DC transmission, successfully developed large-capacity transformers, reactors, converter transformers, converter valves, 6-inch thyristor and other UHV key equipment and components, and formed mass production of UHV key equipment. ability. We have made a number of significant achievements in the research of low-voltage ride-through technology and equipment development for smart meters, large-capacity energy storage batteries, and wind turbines.
Through continuous innovation and accelerated development, the overall scale, resource allocation capability, technical level and management level of the State Grid have all reached a new level. Compared with 2002, the transmission line and substation capacity of 110 kV and above increased by 93% and 190%, respectively, and the power supply security and reliability indicators have been comprehensively improved. This has generally satisfied the needs of economic and social development.
In the future, the national power grid must further accelerate the upgrading and leapfrogging from the traditional grid to a safe, efficient, economical, clean and interactive modern grid. With the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet AC-DC interconnection project, in 2012, all areas within the State Grid will be networked. In 2015, it will basically build UHV AC backbone grids connecting North China, East China, and Central China, and several large-scale DC projects that will send power from large hydropower, coal power, and renewable energy bases to load centers. By 2020, we will develop a coordinated development centered on UHV synchronous power grids, AC and DC, and all levels of power grids. We will have a large-scale, large-scale, high-efficiency energy optimization configuration with high security, high reliability, and high interactivity. Strong smart grid. At that time, the UHV transmission capacity will reach 150 million kilowatts, and the national grid cross-regional and inter-provincial power transmission scale will exceed 400 million kilowatts.
It is expected that in the next 10 years, with a strong smart grid as a platform, it will promote the realization of more than 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide emission reductions. The grid will play an increasingly important role in economic and social development, energy structure adjustment, and responding to climate change.
Energy is an important material basis for human survival and development. Since the beginning of the 21st century, issues such as world energy supply, energy security, energy efficiency, and energy environment have become increasingly prominent. According to statistics, the total primary energy consumption in the world has increased by nearly a quarter in the past 10 years, reaching 17.3 billion tons of standard coal in 2009. According to current energy reserves and development intensity estimates, the average development time of fossil energy in the world is less than a hundred years. Traditional fossil energy is not renewable, and its large-scale development has brought about a series of problems such as climate change and environmental deterioration. How to improve the energy structure, improve energy efficiency, ensure the security, economical efficiency, and sustainability of energy supply are major and realistic challenges facing humanity.
In order to meet these challenges, protect the planet Earth on which mankind depends, achieve sustainable energy development, meet the needs of coordinated economic, social, and environmental development, and develop clean energy and smart grids as important symbols. New energy transformation.
One of the four characteristics of energy transformation is the diversification of energy structure. The world's energy pattern is changing from "focusing on fossil energy" to "focusing on clean energy and fossil energy." In recent years, the scale of development and utilization of hydropower and nuclear energy in the world has been steadily expanding, and new energy developments such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, ocean tides, and geothermal energy have started late but have developed rapidly. In 2008, clean energy accounted for 18.8% of the total global energy consumption. It is estimated that by 2020, when the total energy consumption increases by 20% compared with 2008, the proportion of clean energy will increase to 19.7%. In the past 10 years, the installed capacity of wind power and solar power in China has increased by 47 times and 21 times respectively, which is far higher than the growth rate of traditional fossil energy. It is estimated that by 2020, in the primary energy consumption structure in China, the proportions of coal, oil and natural gas, hydropower, nuclear energy, and new energy will account for 58.5%, 26.5%, 9%, 4%, and 2% respectively. By then, clean energy will be used. Alternative fossil energy can achieve 1.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction each year.
The second is the scale of energy development. In order to bring about the economies of scale in energy conservation, emission reduction and energy development, many countries are actively promoting the intensive development and utilization of large-scale energy bases. In 2009, the world's top ten oil, natural gas, and coal producing countries accounted for 62%, 64%, and 92% of the world's total production, respectively, with high concentration.
Due to the concentrated distribution of coal, hydropower, and wind power resources in China and their inverse distribution with the development of productivity, the intensive development of energy, large-scale delivery, and wide-range deployment have become inevitable choices. At present, China is developing and constructing 13 large-scale hydropower bases such as the Jinsha River and Dadu River, and 7 million-kilowatt wind power bases in Jiuquan of Gansu Province and Hami of Xinjiang Province. It is estimated that by 2020, the total installed capacity of hydropower in China will reach 300 million kilowatts. Among them, the installed capacity of large hydropower bases will account for more than 75%; the total installed capacity of wind power bases will reach 90.17 million kilowatts, accounting for 78% of the total installed capacity of wind power in the country.
The third is the electrification of energy consumption. Electric energy has the advantages of being clean, efficient, and fast. Electrification is an important symbol of modernization. The development level, energy efficiency level, and living standards of all countries in the world are closely related to the level of electrification. In particular, with the rapid development of emerging industries such as the Internet, the Internet of Things, and electric vehicles, the economic society has become increasingly dependent on electricity, and electricity has increasingly become the core of energy development strategies.
From 2000 to 2009, the world's total energy consumption grew at an average annual rate of 2.1%, while the total electricity consumption grew at an average annual rate of 3.2%. From 2000 to 2009, China's electricity consumption grew at an average annual rate of 11.7%, 2.3% higher than the average annual growth rate of energy consumption. With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization and industrialization, it is expected that by 2020, China’s electricity consumption will account for 25.4% of total terminal energy consumption, which is 9.5 percentage points higher than that of 2000.
The fourth is the intelligentization of energy development. Every global crisis will bring about a new round of technological revolution. After the international financial crisis, many countries have accelerated the development of intelligent power supplies, smart grids, smart homes, smart transportation, and smart cities, and have responded to the needs of climate change, energy security, and economic development. A large number of smart technologies and achievements have been made. Rapidly promote and apply in all walks of life, especially the energy industry. In this process, the smart grid has become the key to the intelligent development of energy, and presents a trend of rapid development.
The energy revolution at the beginning of the 21st century will be preceded by technological innovation, with electricity as the core and the direction of building smart energy systems to optimize energy structure, increase energy efficiency, promote energy conservation, reduce consumption, share social resources, and achieve With the profound transformation of sustainable development as the goal, the role of the power grid in the energy supply system and energy transportation system will become increasingly prominent.
What is a strong smart grid combined with the characteristics of China's energy resources endowments and the actual economic and social conditions of rapid development, the State Grid Corporation of China proposed the development of "strong smart grid" strategic objectives.
The strong smart grid is a grid that combines strong grids with intelligent organic integration. Strong grid is the material basis for safe and reliable power supply, and intelligence is the key to improving the security, controllability, adaptability, and interaction of the power grid. The distance between the large-scale energy bases under construction in China and the central and eastern load centers is generally more than 800 kilometers, and the distance is more than 3,000 kilometers. Only by building a strong grid can we significantly improve the ability of the grid to optimize resource allocation and withstand accident risks. The UHV power grid under construction is the core of this strong grid.
Strong smart grid is a collaborative and efficient integrated interconnected system. The industrial chain of the power grid has a long-term impact. In order to play a role in smart grids, it must achieve close integration and coordinated operation of various links such as power generation, transmission, substation, power distribution, electricity use, and dispatch. By adopting intelligent control technology and equipment, it can reduce the transmission loss of the power grid itself, and at the same time promote the development and application of smart appliances and intelligent facilities, drive the development of new power consumption technologies and upgrade the energy consumption mode, and maximize the comprehensive utilization of energy. effectiveness.
Strong smart grid is a new public service platform in modern society. The power grid is not only the carrier and platform for power transmission, but also an important public service resource. With the application of modern information communication and intelligent control technologies, the power grid will be fully integrated with the Internet, TV networks, and broadcast networks. It will form an open, efficient, high-quality, and convenient public network service platform to achieve a high degree of integration of energy flows and information flows. The integrated application has become an important carrier and effective way to promote the development of a low-carbon economy, and has played an important role in energy strategy transformation and social progress.
Achievements and Prospects In recent years, the State Grid Corporation of China has accelerated the construction of UHV power grids as the backbone grid and coordinated development of all levels of power grids in accordance with the principles of unified planning, unified construction, and unified standards, and has strong intelligence that is characterized by informatization, automation, and interaction. The grid has made important progress.
First, a demonstration project for UHV AC/DC transmission was completed. From Shanxi to Hubei, a total length of 640 kilometers of 1000 kV UHV AC project was completed and put into operation on January 6, 2009. It has been operating safely for nearly 700 days. From Sichuan to Shanghai, it has a total length of 1,907 kilometers and a rated transmission power of 7 million. The ±800 kV UHVDC project of the kilowatt level was completed and put into operation on July 8 this year. The successful construction of these two projects has laid the foundation for the large-scale development and utilization of clean energy, large-scale optimization and allocation of energy resources, and further improvement of energy efficiency, and has opened up a new path for sustainable energy development, also for other countries in the world. Solving energy issues offers important options.
Secondly, substantial progress was made in the strong smart grid key projects. A strong smart grid development plan was formulated and more than 20 smart grid pilot projects covering transmission, transmission, transformation, deployment, use, dispatch, and communications were developed. Among them, the Shanghai World Expo Park smart grid integrated demonstration project has been completed and put into use; in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities have completed the first batch of pilot projects of electric fiber-to-the-home smart community; will build 75 electric vehicle charging stations, 6209 by the end of this year Charging piles; The largest scale demonstration project for wind and solar energy storage and storage in China has been started. In 2012, it will form a comprehensive capacity of 100,000 kilowatts of wind power, 40,000 kilowatts of solar power, and 20,000 kilowatts of chemical energy storage; Smart City, Intelligent Transportation, Smart Home and The Tianjin Eco-City Smart Grid Comprehensive Demonstration Project, which integrates renewable energy use, is being stepped up.
Third, major breakthroughs have been made in the construction of the pilot system and key technologies. We have built four R&D centers for UHV AC, DC, high altitude, and engineering mechanics, as well as two R&D centers for simulation of large power grids and DC complete sets, and formed an experimental system for large-scale power grids with complete functions and comprehensive indexes that are among the world's leading standards. Wind energy, solar power R&D (experimental) center has been initially built. Fully mastered the core technology of UHV AC/DC transmission, successfully developed large-capacity transformers, reactors, converter transformers, converter valves, 6-inch thyristor and other UHV key equipment and components, and formed mass production of UHV key equipment. ability. We have made a number of significant achievements in the research of low-voltage ride-through technology and equipment development for smart meters, large-capacity energy storage batteries, and wind turbines.
Through continuous innovation and accelerated development, the overall scale, resource allocation capability, technical level and management level of the State Grid have all reached a new level. Compared with 2002, the transmission line and substation capacity of 110 kV and above increased by 93% and 190%, respectively, and the power supply security and reliability indicators have been comprehensively improved. This has generally satisfied the needs of economic and social development.
In the future, the national power grid must further accelerate the upgrading and leapfrogging from the traditional grid to a safe, efficient, economical, clean and interactive modern grid. With the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet AC-DC interconnection project, in 2012, all areas within the State Grid will be networked. In 2015, it will basically build UHV AC backbone grids connecting North China, East China, and Central China, and several large-scale DC projects that will send power from large hydropower, coal power, and renewable energy bases to load centers. By 2020, we will develop a coordinated development centered on UHV synchronous power grids, AC and DC, and all levels of power grids. We will have a large-scale, large-scale, high-efficiency energy optimization configuration with high security, high reliability, and high interactivity. Strong smart grid. At that time, the UHV transmission capacity will reach 150 million kilowatts, and the national grid cross-regional and inter-provincial power transmission scale will exceed 400 million kilowatts.
It is expected that in the next 10 years, with a strong smart grid as a platform, it will promote the realization of more than 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide emission reductions. The grid will play an increasingly important role in economic and social development, energy structure adjustment, and responding to climate change.
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