C
Cutting Screen Cropping
Cut around the enlarged photo. The practice is the same as trimming, but the finished size is smaller by cutting around.
Referee Photography Judgement photography
Also called end point recording photography. In order to record the arrival of photography in judging races and racing cars. According to the principle of the referee's camera, the necessary data such as the end point scene and date are captured. The speed of feeding the film is calculated based on the distance traveled at the arrival point. There are cameras for referees to sell.
Referee Camera Slit Camera
There are many varieties, most of which are self-made. A 0.3-0.1mm-wide slit is assembled in front of the film to move the film or slit and continuously photograph the moving body. Use this method to take a slit film, which is used by referees who arrive at the race.
Trimming
When zooming in, trim off unwanted parts around the negative and do not put it inside the picture. When a 35 mm single-lens reflex camera is used, it is preferable to emphasize amplitude modulation in photography because the viewing field can be correctly confirmed.
Color negative film Color negative
Refers to a negative film shot and developed with a color negative film. The color of the subject is complementary, and the opposite is true for light and shade. Due to the influence of the mask, the transparent part is orange.
Color Dupe Color dupe
Refers to the reproduction of color slides and transparent color prints.
Color reversal film Color reversal film
Also known as reverse color film, slide with color film. The color temperature of the development process after shooting is different, and the color temperature needs to be compensated by the LB filter and the CC filter. Compared with the color negative film, although the latitude of exposure is narrow, the color reproducibility under proper exposure is superior. Expand the printing from the color reversal film, use the positive-only mode (CB photo), or turn it into a negative film to print in negative-positive mode. In the past, it was used as a slide show or as a printed manuscript.
Color negative film
Generally called the end of the color. It is a film for color printing that depends on the relationship between the subject and the complementary color to create a dark and light inverted image. Films for professional use are S-type and L-type. Compared with the color reversal film, the latitude of the exposure is wide, and when printing in color, most colors can be compensated, which is an advantage. Large size enlargement, the charge is lower, the general size, can use automatic printing machine processing, the price is equal to black and white film.
Color bottom fog
Color reversal film is commonly known as the balance of color reproduction. Such as blue fog (blue) or magenta fog (red).
Color mixing head Color head
For color printing, CC filter loading and unloading device.
Color Film Color film
The general name for the film used to take color photos. Because it is divided into color reversal films for slides, print originals, and color negatives for enlargement, it is used depending on the application. The reversal film on the light source, it is necessary to distinguish between fluorescent lamps and tungsten lamps. According to the shutter speed, there are also S-type and L-type points. In terms of development processing, there is another distinction between intra- and extra-territory zones. Especially for reversal films, depending on the manufacturer and the trademark, it is important to help distinguish between them because of the individuality of the color.
Color filter Color filter
Compared with UV filter and VD filter, it is the general term for colored filters. Such as contrast filter, color separation filter, LB filter and so on.
Color photo Color print
Printed on color photo paper, most of the printing of transparent films is not called color photos. Photographic methods of drying have negative-positive and positive-positive forms. Negative-positive printing is cheap. When printing, easy to compensate for color, mostly for the public printing and large-scale amplification. With the enlargement of the reversal film, in most cases it is also turned into an intermediate film, using the negative-positive method. The positive and positive methods are photographs that have been sun-dried with color slides, CB photos, etc. There is a good color reproduction, not easy to fade (10 times the negative - positive mode) long outside, the price is high.
Positive color film
Officially known as color reversal film.
Color balance
Color film consists of three colors: yellow, magenta, and cyan. When the three colors are properly balanced, correct color reproduction can be achieved. For example, the LB filter is used to compensate for the balance between the fluorescent lamp and the tungsten lamp. When a slight color balance is desired, a CC filter may also be used.
Color Photography
Also known as color photography. Once upon a time there was no color photography. The color of the subject can be faithfully reproduced. There is a negative-positive film method using color negatives that has special features for large-scale enlargement of photographs, and color reversal films that have special qualities such as faithfulness to color reproduction, rapid slide show, and printed manuscripts. The printing of color negatives has reduced the cost due to automation, which is in line with the black-and-white photos, but there are still photo durability problems.
Color Adaptation Color adaptation chromatic adaptation chromatic adaptation
The eye is adaptable to color. If it's cloudy, it's okay under the lights, and it feels white for white paper. However, the color film does not have such adaptability, so a color temperature conversion filter is required.
Color Paper Color paper
Refers to photo paper for color printing. There are negative-use color papers produced by various manufacturers, which are similar to Ekta Colom Paper and Cheba Krom. The structure of the negative-use color paper is similar to that of a color negative film, but the type is not as good as black and white photo paper.
Positive Color Positive
The generic name of the positive image that appears in the same color as the subject's color. There are color reversal film shooting, development, and after printing with color negative film.
Color printing
The color film will be taken, after color separation plate, first made of dot red, yellow, blue, black four color negative film, used to tan into the same four color printing plate, in the four-color offset printing machine Colorful printed sheets. The quality of color printing depends on the quality of the photographic film.
Sidelight Side light
Light from the side of the subject, the three-dimensional sense was emphasized. For a projecting object, the side light energy illuminates very clearly, and depending on the subject, lighting from two lights on both sides may be quite effective. Use front light as auxiliary light as needed.
TTL light metering
With a single-lens reflex camera, light (brightness) through a photographic lens is measured. This can measure the amount of light entering the film regardless of the filter exposure magnification, the lens aperture, the skin cavity, and the close-up ring, and the lens expansion and contraction is required. The metering method varies depending on the type of camera and is divided into average metering, partial metering, and center-weighted metering. In ordinary photography, any kind of metering methods are similar, but like lighting methods such as backlighting, the brightness and darkness of the subject appear extremely different, or the photographing methods such as microscope photography are difficult to use. difference.
Rangefinder Range finder
The rangefinder is assembled in the camera and can be linked with the focusing mechanism.
Rangefinder linkage camera Range finder camera
Refers to the rangefinder that is calibrated and assembled in the camera. It is a general term for cameras that are linked to the focus structure. Although the 35-mm Leica type camera is a prototype, there are many kinds of cameras including a snap-in skin camera, a pocket camera and a news camera, and a camera that incorporates such a structure in distance measurement.
Profile like profile
Refers to the side of a person, the side of an image, and the side view of an object's appearance.
Test Target Text Chart
Means to check the performance of the lens or the color reproduction and contrast of the film. There are resolution targets for test lenses, grayscales for color reproduction, color charts, and color charts.
Gradation
Levels are generally expressed in negatives or photos, referring to the level of density from the highlights to the shadows. The difference in density is large, indicating that there are few levels, that is, it belongs to the hard tone. The density level is small and soft, and the tone is continuous, indicating rich levels.
Long focal length lens
Compared with the standard lens, a lens with a long focal length. The general telephoto lens is a long focal length lens (telescope head).
Long time exposure
Judging from the reciprocity law failure characteristic of color film, it refers to a slow shutter that is slower than 1/30 second. Exposures are usually seconds or tens of seconds.
Ultra wide angle lens Hyper wide-angle lens
In a wide-angle lens, a particularly wide-angle lens (80-110 degrees) is called. On the 35mm camera, it refers to a 15-20mm lens.
Hyperfocal distance
Hyperfocus is the same as fixed focus. When the lens focuses on a certain distance, the distance from the front to the rear is the center of the distance, and the depth of field is the focus. The depth of field behind it exceeds the distance of infinity and is called hyperfocal distance. The smaller the lens aperture, the greater the depth of field and the smaller the hyperfocal distance. For a hyperfocal fixed focus is a fixed focus camera.
Ultra-grain development Ultra-grain development
Also used for the same purpose is very microparticle development. For 35-mm partial enlargement and 16-mm, 110-film expansion, Sease III, Champline 15, and other formulations. In addition, in order to make ultra-fine particle negatives, there is a method of combining micro-films of micro-film and super-soft tone developer.
Ultra telephoto lens Ultra telephote-lens
In a telephoto lens, especially a lens with a long focal length. For a 35mm camera, it refers to a lens that is over 400mm.
Group photo of Photoessay
For a theme that cannot be represented with a photograph, use two or more photographs together. Sometimes called two sets or five sets. Within the scope of content expression, the fewer the number of photos, the less unrestrained the performance. When three to five sets are required, there must be a picture that highlights the theme center. The same theme, arranged in chronological order, with the same theme, but not the storyline, is called series creation.
Ghost image
A light spot. When a strong light enters the lens, repeated reflections are made inside the lens to form a virtual image on the screen. The image of the aperture aperture also often shines on the screen, calling it a ghost image.
Coarsely Coarsely
Due to the progress of the exposure, over development, sensitization development, etc., the film thickness of the film is made coarser.
D
Daguerreo festival
In order to commemorate Daguell's invention of photography, some countries are scheduled to hold a memorial tea party on August 9th each year.
Daguerreo type Daguerreo type
Also known as silver plate photography, it is considered to be the origin of photography. Invented by Daguerre in 1839. A silver iodide photosensitive film was formed on the surface of the polished silver plate, and after exposure for 30 minutes, it was developed by mercury sublimation and became a positive image.
Daquan Zhang Large whole paper
One lap larger than the full length, 50.8*61 cm.
Big six-inch piece Big cabinet
Bigger than 6 inches, it is 13*18 centimeters, equivalent to 5*7 inch. Recently, large 6-inch tablets were used instead of 6-inch tablets for amplification.
Big Four-inch Large card-size
Photo paper refers to 90*130 millimeters, and single sheets are 88*118 millimeters. Department of large six-inch piece size.
Large camera Large-size camera
Usually refers to the use of a single film or dry plate camera larger than 4*5. From the perspective of the form and structure of the camera, it is divided into news camera models, assembled camera models, and outdoor camera models. Due to the large size of the film, accurate and precise description can be achieved. Although there is a difference in degree, there is an oscillating mechanism and the lens can be replaced. As a multifunctional camera, its use is very large.
Nature Photography Nature photography
It is based on the photography of various phenomena in the natural world (meteorology, walruses, landscapes, etc.) until the ecology of plants and animals and celestial bodies. Observing nature deeply, grasping the natural descriptions of people and resorting to photography techniques to replace natural descriptions with photographic language is the essence of nature photography. Never make any subjective ideas. It is best not to think it must be scientific or documentary.
Full of light
Just like the front light and the straight light, there is no common sense of light on the subject. As long as you use a reliable strobe light mounted on a camera to shoot a few people gathered together, you will experience it.
Awkward Dull
Fingers or photographs show a soft or flat tone. In short, when the tone is not ideal, it is often referred to as awkward or dull.
Stay Still
In contrast to movies, it refers to general still photos. There are still examples of still-life cameras and still-life photos.
Single frame
Same as 1/2 size for 35mm full screen. In the slide field, it is equivalent to a single movie.
Single lens Single lens
For photographers, one piece of achromatic lens is affixed with two concave and convex lenses.
Single-lens reflex camera Single—lens reflex camera
With the use of mirrors, the light passing through the camera lens is reflected and projected onto the focusing screen, and a camera that can focus is designed. Always rely on pentaprism to move up and down to form a positive image. At present, most of the advanced cameras have been single-lens-mirrored.
Monochrome Photo Monochrome
Also refers to black and white photos or black-and-white film.
Reciprocity law
In a photochemical reaction, the amount of reaction is the product of the illuminance of the light and the irradiation time, which is proportional to the amount of light irradiated.
Reciprocity law failure
Refers to a phenomenon that does not meet the law of reciprocity and fails.
For the shutter speed range (approx. 1 second - 1/1000 second) attached to the camera, the exposure is proportional to the shutter speed, but the exposure time is extremely prolonged (or shortened). This relationship loses proportion and becomes underexposed. , call this reciprocity law failure. For black and white film, if it is more than 10 seconds, the exposure time is changed to 2 or more times. As for color photography, this effect is even greater, and occupational films are classified into S-type or L-type. However, in practical use, there is no need to worry too much between 1 second and 1/1000 seconds.
Reverse ring
For the camera body, connect the lens by turning the lens upside down. For close-up shots larger than the original, from the perspective of the lens configuration, if you do not reverse the assembly, you will not be able to get a clear zoom image. Using a wide-angle lens requires an indispensable stop ring for a close-up shot with high magnification.
AG Bulbs all-glass type bulb
One of the small flash bulbs, made entirely of glass.
Light film Tungsten type
T-type film, also known as electric light film. Photographic light bulbs and diffusers (white) obtain colored balanced color films in the range of 3200 to 3400k (flash about 3800k). In terms of light type, Kodak produced A-type (3400k) and B-type (3200K) points.
Lightbox Sharkarstain
A viewing light box (light emitter) for viewing X-rays (negative).
Photographic paper Gaslight paper
Low-sensitivity silver chloride paper for close-contact printing.
Low zoom lens Macro zoom lens
One of the zoom lenses is a lens with a close-up adjustment mechanism.
Low magnification photography lens Macro lens
Focus on high-resolution lenses designed for close-up photography. Sometimes referred to as a microscope head, a general-purpose lens, the reference is placed on the ∞ photography, and the low-magnification camera is based on a 1/10-fold upper and lower photography. Department F:3.5 up and down, although not a bright lens, but relying on the spiral pitching mechanism out, from ∞ to 1/2 times the close-up can be arbitrary choice. As with the standard lens, there are still 100-135 mm low-magnification cameras in addition to 50-60 mm. When there is a large demand for close-ups or remakes, it is better not to buy a camera with a standard head, but to buy a camera with a 50-60 mm low magnification camera. In outdoor photography, there is no problem with F:35. When close shots are taken, if F: 1.4 or 2 is used, the depth of field is shallow, and it is always reduced to 5.6–11. When focusing on ecological photography of animals and plants, 100 Millimeter-sized low-magnification cameras are easier to use.
Low magnification Photography Macrophotography
Also called super close up or zoom photography. With the same idea as the close-up, the distance between the photographic lens and the film is extended to increase the magnification. The magnification on the film surface, from the equal magnification to the actual application always has a limit. Even if it is enlarged photos, it is only about 50 times. There is also a limit from the point of view of resolution. In view of the overall rate of magnification, although it is somewhat overlapped with the microscope photography, there is an advantage that the depth of field can be easily increased in low-magnification photography. The role of recording photography is very significant.
Low Power Photography Stand Macro-stand
When using the skin cavity to take low-power photography, the support frame for the skin cavity and the camera is used for photography up to 3 times up and down.
Low key Low key
Also called dark shades. There are many dark parts of the photo, which are composed of a screen that gives a low-light feeling, and a bright part that occupies a very small area. Sometimes called a low-key photo. The density of negative film is not deep, it is a kind of flat contrast with less contrast.
Low sensitivity film Slow film
In contrast to high-sensitivity films, films below ASA50 are used. The commonality is the higher resolution and slightly harder nature. The usual film, more famous is Neopan F (ASA32), Panatomic X (ASA32), Pan F (ASA50) and so on. The color film is Kodachrom 25 (KM).
Original Negative (original negative or positive)
A negative film shot directly with a camera or a film such as a color reversal film. The term used for reprinted film is also known as the original film.
Film storage bag Negative cover
For use in finishing negative films, it is divided into 35mm (36 frames) and 120 pieces. For films larger than 6*7.4*5, most of them use a transparent bag that has been stored.
Electromagnetic release
The micro switch is used on the fast line of the shutter. The advantage is that the remote shutter is easily disconnected.
Electromagnetic wire point switch Solenoid release
For use with news cameras, etc., the series uses a magnet wire point switch. As long as you can extend the line, you can open the shutter farther away.
Motor Drive Motor drive
The springs or accessories assembled in the camera automatically take up the film by means of a micromotor, and are mostly used by 35mm single-lens reflex cameras. Taking a picture and continuous shooting can be alternated. Generally, 3 to 5 frames are shot for a second in continuous shooting. Depending on the type of camera, change the back cover to a long film cassette and you can shoot 250 frames. In addition to remote photography using a cord, it can also be automatically shot by an interval timer that is connected to a timer, or by controlling the shutter, etc., and has a wider application area. If you do not need continuous shooting, use an automatic film winder.
Electric Eye,EE
The aperture and the shutter speed are automatically determined according to the instructions of the electric exposure meter incorporated in the camera, and then exposed. There is not much difference with the automatic exposure, but the electric eye is installed on popular models. Divided into a fixed shutter speed (both high and low speed) and aperture variable mode, depending on the subject's brightness, aperture and shutter speed can be corresponding changes in the program. The former are mostly installed in popular models, while the latter are mostly installed in advanced models.
Electric eye camera Electric eye camera
A camera that can shoot without adjusting the aperture and shutter speed. Popularity machine is a fool camera that is usually called. In order to try out photography techniques, it is appropriate to use snapshots for outdoor purposes on sunny days.
Electronic color scanner
In the past, the film was taken to the plate making factory. Four color separations were made by the plate making camera in four consecutive batches to make four color printing plates. Nowadays, with the electronic color separation machine, a well-made color negative film can be loaded onto the machine, and four color separation negative films for printing plates can be obtained simultaneously in 6-7 minutes. The features are high quality and high speed. It can also reduce the cost of making printing plates.
Electronic shutter
Rely on the function of a transistor or capacitor to control the shutter speed. Because it can be linked with an electric exposure meter incorporated in a camera, it is used for electric eyes and automatic exposure cameras. In contrast, in the past, mechanical control using a spring, cam, or the like was called a mechanical shutter. The advantage of the electronic shutter is that the precision of the time control is required, a continuous speed can be obtained, and the long-time control of more than several seconds can be easily performed. Due to the development of electronic shutters, aperture-first TTL-AE cameras were completed.
Electron micrography Electron micrography
The shorter the wavelength, the greater the magnification of the microscope. Therefore, using an electron beam that is one ten-thousandth of light can produce an electron microscope with a maximum of two million to three million magnifications. Electron microscopes have transmission type (hundreds of times to hundreds of thousands of times commonly used) and scanning type (usually dozens of times to tens of thousands of times). Incidentally, the maximum magnification of an optical microscope is about 1500 times.
Electrographic Electrophtography
The general name of the copying method obtained by the combination of electrostatic principle and photoconductive property. It is often known by the names of zerography, zinc chloride electrophotography, and the like. General photography is called silver salt photography, and electrophotography and diazo photography are called non-silver salt photography.
Electric bulb Penut bulb
It is a small flash light bulb shaped like peanuts.
Tone Tone
Departments represent the contrast of black and white, the degree of perfection of the color balance, and the terms such as the level of depth. As with everyday language, there are quite a lot of meanings.
Fixed focus camera Fixed focus camera
Cameras for beginners are mainly used outdoors on sunny days. Lenses are greatly reduced in aperture and depth of field. As long as the focus is good at the hyperfocal distance, the depth of field of the mirror can be effectively used to the maximum. Thus, it is considered that the camera that is in focus is omitted.
Top light
It can be thought of as the noon light during the summer heat. The main light radiating from the top of the head is the most unsuitable light for photographing portraits. Use silver reflectors or strobe lights to change the front light to auxiliary light. Disappropriate cases immediately disappear.
Dynamic Movement
It is felt that the subject has a sense of life and activity. Use the effect of the posture, expression, etc. of the subject, the effect of shaking, and the shutter timing.
Dynamic Viewfinder Action finder
One of the prism viewfinders. Even if the glasses leave the viewfinder, they can see the fullness of the focusing glass and should be used for sports photography such as sports.
Live Camera Photography
Motorcycle racing or railway photography is a typical example of this, and correspondingly high-speed shutter or follow-up techniques are required. For close-ups or close-ups, strobe light is also an effective means. The method for determining the shutter speed varies depending on the distance to the subject, the direction of movement, and the focal length of the lens. Shooting distance, if you use a wide-angle lens, 1/25 - 1/250 seconds can also be. However, with the telescope head, facing the optical axis, to shoot at right angles to the movement, that is, use 1/1000 seconds, may also have difficulties, encounter this situation, using follow-up techniques is appropriate.
Animal Photography Animal photo
Speaking of animals, there are many types of fish, shrimp, and insects. The animal photography referred to here mostly refers to mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, etc., and is rewarded by dogs, cats, and birds. When animals are objects, they are often referred to as animal photography. The main goal of animal photography is to collect data for the ecological records needed for illustrations and even the action records required for ecological photography. Its usual expressions are mostly photographic aspects. For photography of wildlife, in addition to photography techniques, it is also necessary to have knowledge of the animal's actions and ecology with respect to the animal objects photographed.
Coated filter
Most of the photographic lenses are coated lenses, and many of the filters have been coated. Except the color, any symbol with C signifies that it has been coated.
Short Zoom Lens zoom zoom-lens
The focal length is centered on a standard lens and can be used as a compact zoom lens with a wide-angle change.
Short barrel lens
Refers to precision screws that have not been assembled for focusing.
Multi-layer coating
Also known as multi-layer coating. Almost all existing photographic lenses have been coated with multiple layers, making full use of its film coating effect.
Multilayer color film Multi-layer eolor film
The existing color films belong to this category, and its emulsion is divided into three layers.
Multilayer color film Monopack
A photosensitive material made of three different emulsion layers with different colorings was coated on a common carrier.
Multiple Exposure Multiple Exposure
For the same screen, open the fast station more than twice, and make the images superimposed and photographed. Also known as double exposure or triple exposure. Recently, amateur-oriented cameras have been equipped with anti-double shooting devices. Therefore, if they are not removed, they cannot be captured. This approach is often used for landscapes such as night scenes and fireworks.
Flash Multiflash
Products for use by professional photographers have special strobe lights that emit light several times to several tens of times in one second, and are mainly used for electrophotography or dynamic body imaging. The use of AC power is more, and it is used in academic research where the flash time is very short and the amount of light needs to be large. The device is also large.
Multi-lamp lighting Poly-lamp lighting
Refers to lighting with more than two lights.
Multi-spectral band photography Multi spectnal photography
Multi-spectral color photography is also known as aerial photography using remote sensing technology. The multi-spectral band with 4 heads was used to synthesize the color image. Using this method, forest surveys and geology and large-scale surveys in the ocean area can be effectively conducted.
Multispectral camera Multi-band camera
Also known as a multi-colored camera, it is a camera for aerial photogrammetry applications. Take photos on 4 films simultaneously with 4 lenses.
Multi-strobe Photography Multi stroboscophtography
Photography provided for the imaging of various types of movements and analysis of movements, in most cases using a black background and using multiple flashes as light sources. Depending on the movement of the moving body, on one-piece film, it is sometimes made to shoot together, sometimes with continuous shooting. In general, high-sensitivity films are used because of the small amount of light.
E
Secondary development
In the reversal development process, the second development is called secondary development for the first development (first development).
Two-color interference filter Dichroic filter
Refers to yellow, magenta, and blue solid filters that are assembled in a color enlarger for complementary color.
Used Camera Second hand camera
With the old camera. When the feeling of mood is temporarily used, products with roughly the same performance can be purchased cheaply, but they must be selected from reputable shops. The old goods that are eliminated by the photographers belong to a class that has a purchase value. However, the old cameras used by professional photographers may have problems with durability. Therefore, for a very cheap and cheap product, it should be fully checked.
F
Ending Internegative
It is generally pointed out that from the color reversal film to the intermediate film used for printing.
Copy Copy
Also called copy. It belongs to the category of close-ups. Photographing books, charts, paintings, etc., are called remakes. Auxiliary equipment is also basically close to the camera. Just light it up and remember it. For graphs, etc., because of the use of high-contrast microfilm, exposure should be treated with caution. For the remake of the book, the camera is no longer used. Therefore, it mainly includes slides for making charts, and remakes of paintings. For the copy of a color slide, it is generally not called a remake, and it is called reversal.
Renovation check Overhaul
Repair and inspection. Since the camera is also one of the precision machines, after a period of use, it needs to be thoroughly checked. The need for overhauling can be judged by the manufacturer's service center, but the general goal is that after 100-200 films are taken, even if they are not used, they should be checked once every 2-3 years at sea and on the coast. After the area has been used for a long period of time, it is better to commission the service center to conduct the inspection once a year.
Contrast contrast
Refers to a negative or contrasting term on a negative or photograph. Large contrast between light and shade indicates a large contrast. When the contrast is large, the picture is hard-coded.
Contrast filter
When shooting with black-and-white film, the color is replaced with a single color of light and dark. The feeling of color is not the same between the naked eye and the film. It's easy to make black and white photos flat tones. In this case, the filter used to bring the contrast to the picture is a contrast filter. Y-2 filters (yellow, Y-48, etc.), Y-3 (orange, 0-56, etc.), R-1 (red, R-60, etc.), and R-1 are most commonly used for landscape photography. Can give contrast. Normally, if the color of the subject is the same, the contrast is small, and with a color filter equivalent to the complementary color, the contrast is large.
Contrast Sharpness
The popular name is good or bad. Meaning the same as clarity. Indicates that the image is well-defined.
Gamma Gamma
Also known as gamma, denoted by r. Represents the film and other contrast scales, the number is large, which means that the contrast is large and it belongs to the hard tone, while the small one means that the contrast is small and it belongs to the soft tone. 35mm and 6*6 negatives, with 0.6 up and down standards.
Reflector Reflector
Commonly used silver reflectors. Especially for fluorescent lights, strobe lights and other main light source is 1 light, light and large effect. If it is for close-up applications, white backing paper can be purchased at the stationery shop, silver paper or aluminum foil can be attached to its monotonous surface, and can be divided into silver reflectors and white reflectors. Try the silver reflector first. If the reflection effect is excessive, use a white reflector.
Reflective finder adapter
When the lens is facing the front, an accessory for a single-lens reflex camera is shot horizontally.
Reflective camera Reflex camera
The general image of a single-lens reflex camera and a dual-lens reflex camera that can be seen on the focus glass twice as much.
Bounce shoe
The attachment of the clip-on strobe light to the attachment socket plate of the camera is an attachment that allows the strobe light to be arbitrarily changed (reflection flash). Can also be mounted on bracket type fixtures.
Bounce light
The use of indirect light has the same effect as that of astigmatism. Because of the popularity of strobe lights, they are often used in indoor photography. This method is called reflection flash. The tools used for this purpose are reflex umbrellas. When no umbrella reflector is used, light hits a bright wall or roof behind the camera. The brightness will drop below 1/4, no eye-catching shadow will appear, and there will be no light-like photos. The reduction in brightness can be compensated with high-sensitivity films.
Reflector lamp
When used for photography, it should be described as a photographic reflector. Divided into astigmatic concentrator type. In addition to tungsten lamps, there are blue fluorescent lamps (blue lights), in order to obtain the correct color reproduction, it is best not to use blue lights, and LB filters are preferred.
Reflector lens
Also known as telephoto lens, mirror lens. Department of astronomical telescopes and other types used, can also be used for single-lens reflex camera 500-2000 mm lens. Using two spherical mirrors, from the perspective of the focal length, the lens barrel is short and thick, characterized by no aperture, small size and light weight, and easy operation. Some built-in filters use ND filters instead of apertures to adjust the amount of light.
Mirror division
When using a super telephoto lens or extending the skin cavity for close-up and microscope photography, sometimes the upper part of the viewfinder is darkened due to the specification of the mirror. This is called mirror delamination. However, the film was shot on the film but the entire scene.
Mirror-up device
In the single-lens reflex camera, at the same time as the shutter is activated, the mirror rises and the shutter closes. Due to the high possibility of camera shake, in order to prevent this, when the camera is fixed on a tripod for shooting, just before shooting, only Reflector rising device.
Reflected-light exposure meter
Measure the brightness reflected from the projectile to determine the exposure meter. In the case where the contrast between the light and darkness of the subject is extremely large, a certain amount of compensation is required under lighting conditions like backlighting, but under the condition of smooth light shooting, measurement errors rarely occur. All exposure meters assembled in the camera are of this type. Extremely narrow light receiving angle is called spot exposure meter, suitable for telephoto shooting.
Mirror meter
Mounted on a single-lens reflex camera to measure the light passing through the slit. The feature is that you can replace the pentaprism or overlook the viewfinder.
Reflective Viewfinder Reflex finder
It is a generic name for those who rely on reflection as a 90-degree reflection peek for a double-lens reflex camera, a single-lens reflex camera, a bird's-eye viewfinder, and a side viewfinder.
Retrofocus Lens
The rear end of the wide-angle lens used in single-lens cameras is designed not to touch the reflector. This type of lens is called an anti-telephoto lens. When mounted on the skin cavity for enlarged photography, it is installed in the reverse direction without the use of an inverted adapter. Shooting is not clear.
Reversal film
After shooting, use the reversal development to take the correct film again. The general exposure has a narrow tolerance. There are no black-and-white, only color films for slides.
Reversal development
The development that is taken to turn the film taken directly into a positive image. The color reversal film is an example. In the case of black-and-white film, it has been done in the past. After the film is first developed, the silver image is floated, and the light is projected on the remaining unexposed areas, or it is processed in the reversal bath. , for the second development (color film is a color development).
Floodlight Scoop light
The shooting light bulb is put into a large reflector for use as a high-brightness diffusion light source. Although it is indispensable for lighting in the sheds, it can be regarded as one of the light sources with good lighting effect for general amateur indoor photography.
Anti curl backing Anticurl backing
Also known as the back layer. For film, in order to prevent halation and curling, the gelatin layer is coated on the back side of the base (without the emulsion side).
Enlargement
Make larger photographs than negative ones. In normal times, it is more than 10 times, and when 35 mm is used, the enlargement to full length (56*90 cm) is a limit.
Enlarge Lamp Enlarger lamp
The milky white glass bulb used for poly-dispersion amplifiers is flat in front. About 150 watts. When used as a close-up light, there are other types of light bulbs that are used. When a gallbladder is used, it should be suitable for a magnifying machine.
Enlarging timer
Set the timing tool for the exposure time when zooming in. Divided into two kinds of electronic and manual counting seconds that are suitable for determining the proper exposure time for the brightness of the print screen.
Magnifying lens
Used for magnification, it is suitable for close-range compensated lenses, mostly F:3.5-4.5. Due to the fact that many cameras are used in Leica cameras, they are mounted on the skin cavity to expand the application. In order to consider the short tube head, a 75-105 mm lens is mounted on the skin cavity, and photography can be done from infinity to the same size. In the past, quite a lot of it was used for ecological photography.
Amplifier Enlarger
指由35毫米负片翻制大型照片的机器，从照明方å¼æ¥çœ‹ï¼Œæœ‰èšæ•£å…‰å¼ç‰ã€‚为改å˜æ”¾å¤§å€çŽ‡ï¼Œæœ‰ç¼©æ”¾å¼å’Œæ»‘动å¼ã€‚机ç§ä¹Ÿä¸å°‘，35毫米片专用机，与6＊6寸片的兼用机，对焦也分手动å¼å’Œè‡ªåŠ¨å¯¹ç„¦å¼ã€‚彩片扩å°ç”¨ï¼Œåˆ†ä¸ºè£…进色补å¿æ»¤å…‰ç‰‡çš„和二色性干涉膜滤光片的区别。供35毫米片用的使用50毫米的放大镜头，å¯ä»¥æ”¾å¤§åˆ°åå€å·¦å³ã€‚
放大镜Magnifier
装在å•é•œå¤´å光相机上的固定五棱镜，系将画é¢ä¸å¤®éƒ¨ä½æ”¾å¤§çº¦2å€çš„放大镜。用于翻æ‹å’Œæ˜¾å¾®é•œç…§å¯¹ç›¸æ—¶å®¹æ˜“调焦。
飞掉Darted away
指硬调味é“照片，亮调处的调å没有表达出æ¥çš„ä¿—è¯ã€‚å¸¸å¸¸æ˜¯å› ä¸ºæ™’ä¸è¶³è‡´ä½¿äº®è°ƒè·‘掉，或者是在作画上有æ„识地使亮调消失。
è²æ¶…å°”é€é•œFresnel lens
表é¢ä¸Šç”±çŽ¯å¸¦çš„细åŒå¿ƒåœ†æ§½å½¢æˆï¼Œæ•…åˆå«çŽ¯å¸¦é€é•œã€‚ç³»èšå…‰é•œä¹‹ä¸€ç§ã€‚为了使焦点é¢æžå¾—明亮些，亦用于å•é•œå¤´å光相机的对焦玻璃上。
åˆ†è¾¨åŠ›æ ‡æ¿Text chart
ç³»æµ‹è¯•åˆ†è¾¨åŠ›ç”¨çš„æ ‡æ¿ã€‚在黑底上精细大å°ä¸åŒçš„白线图案。将它按一定æ¡ä»¶æŽ’列，æ‹æ‘„以检测分辨力。
分辨力（胶片）
Resolving power
放大负片时，表示æˆä¸ºå¤§è‡´åŒæ ‡çš„清晰度和颗粒性的术è¯ã€‚在1毫米的宽度之间能识别多少线，用æ¡æ•°è¡¨ç¤ºæ¯”如，SS胶片能识别70—100æ¡çº¿ã€‚但需è¦æœ‰é€‚度æ›å…‰ã€é€‚当显影的æ¡ä»¶ï¼Œè§†å差的大å°ä¹Ÿæœ‰æ‰€ä¸åŒã€‚通常，低感度胶片的分辨力较好，而高感度胶片和增感显影，其分辨力则é™ä½Žã€‚
分辩力（镜头）
Resolving power
镜头的分辨力，通常以摄影分辨力表示。用高分辨力胶片æ‹æ‘„æµ‹è¯•æ ‡æ¿ï¼Œç”¨1毫米宽当ä¸èƒ½è¯†åˆ«å¤šå°‘æ ¹çº¿çš„çº¿æ•°è¡¨ç¤ºã€‚è‹¥ä»¥é«˜çº§é•œå¤´ä¸ºä¾‹ï¼Œ50毫米F：1.4镜头，光圈满开，ä¸å¿ƒéƒ¨åˆ†ä¸º150—200线，画é¢å…¨ä½“为100—150线，若是F：5.6则分别为200—250线，150—180线。实际上在摄影，å—胶片分辨力（一般以50—100线为好）的影å“较大。
分光摄影机One—shot camera
系供彩色å°åˆ·ä¸åˆ¶ç‰‡æ‰€ç”¨çš„特制照相机，借助一次æ‹æ‘„å¯åˆ¶å‡ºä¸‰å¼ 分色胶片。
分光照片Spectrograph
å¯åˆ†å…‰æ‘„影机æ‹æ‘„å‘光体å‘出的光谱线，以确定其构æˆç‰©è´¨ï¼Œå°†æœªçŸ¥ç‰©è´¨è®¾å…¥å·²çŸ¥çš„å‘光体，使之åŒæ—¶å‘光，记录分æžå…¶å…‰è°±çº¿ï¼Œç§°è¿™ç§å…‰è°±ç…§ç‰‡ä¸ºåˆ†å…‰ç…§ç‰‡ã€‚
风景摄影Landscape photography
主è¦ä»¥è‡ªç„¶é£Žæ™¯ä¸ºä¸»é¢˜çš„摄影。既有绘画情调的内容，åˆå¾—视其画é¢ç»„æˆã€‚它å—å£èŠ‚ã€æ°”候和摄影时间的支é…。其艺术路åæžå®½ï¼Œå¦‚观光摄影ã€æ˜Žä¿¡ç‰‡ç”¨æ‘„å½±ã€è¡¨çŽ°ä¸ºç»˜ç”»æƒ…调的摄影ã€é€ åž‹æ‘„å½±ç‰ã€‚
浮凸状照片Relief photo
å°†æ‹å¥½è´Ÿç‰‡æŽ¥è§¦åœ¨å•ç‰‡æˆ–干版上晒出é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡ã€‚之åŽï¼Œå°†è´Ÿç‰‡å’Œæ£ç‰‡çš„膜é¢åˆåœ¨ä¸€èµ·ï¼Œå°†åƒç¨åŠ 错开æ¥æ”¾å¤§ï¼Œå¯ä»¥æ™’å‡ºæœ‰æµ®é›•æ„Ÿçš„ç…§ç‰‡ï¼Œè¿™å°±æ˜¯æµ®å‡¸çŠ¶ç…§ç‰‡ã€‚æ ¹æ®è´Ÿç‰‡å’Œæ£ç‰‡çš„åå·®ä¸Žå¯†åº¦ï¼ŒåŠ ä¸Šå¯†åˆå½“时相错程度，å¯ä»¥èŽ·å¾—å„ç§ä¸åŒçš„效果。
俯摄角度High angle
将照相机置于高处，往下æ‹æ‘„时的照相机角度。
俯摄照片Bird's—eye—view photography
从高处往下俯视宽广的范围进行æ‹æ‘„的照片。
俯视å–景器Waist level finder
于拿照相机站ç€æ—¶ï¼Œå› 举机至腰部，故得æ¤å。å•é•œå¤´å光照相机上带有折å å¼é®å…‰ç½©ï¼ŒåŒé•œå¤´å光照相机上的å–景器å‡å±žæ¤ç±»ã€‚35毫米å•é•œå¤´å光照相机，除有简å•çš„折å å¼ä¹‹å¤–，也有组é…高å€çŽ‡æ”¾å¤§é•œçš„，便于å¤æ‹å’Œæ˜¾å¾®æ‘„影时对焦。对于供五棱镜固定的å•é•œå¤´å光照相机，装有å…侧å–景器，起到俯视å–景器的作用，尤其对竖立ä½ç½®çš„æ‹æ‘„æžä¸ºæ–¹ä¾‹ã€‚
俯仰æ‹æ‘„Tilting
摇摆之一ç§ï¼Œç³»é’ˆå¯¹é•œå¤´å…‰è½´ï¼Œä½¿èƒ¶ç‰‡é¢ä½œå‰åŽå€¾æ–œã€‚
辅助光Fill—in light
与主光æºç›¸å¯¹çš„术è¯ï¼Œé’ˆå¯¹é 主光线形æˆçš„暗部，作为照明而用。多数情况æžæˆä¸»å…‰çº¿äº®åº¦çš„1ï¼2—1ï¼10。在室内å¯å¢žèˆ”ç¯å…‰æ•°ï¼Œåœ¨æˆ·å¤–则常利用银åå°„ç¯ã€‚
负感作用Solarization
亦称å转作用。针对胶片ç‰çš„æ„Ÿå…‰æ料，投射以超出适度æ›å…‰ä¸€ä¸‡å€ä»¥ä¸Šçš„过度光时，显影åŽå›¾è±¡çš„明暗出现侧转的现象。作画方é¢ç§°ä½œä¸ºè´Ÿæ„Ÿç…§ç‰‡çš„摄影，实际上是应用了局部影象å转效应的特殊处ç†æžå‡ºæ¥çš„。
负片Negative
指照片的阴图，有时指原版。
负片黑化度Denseness
有时å•ç§°é»‘化度。通常用æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè´Ÿç‰‡çš„浓密度。负片具有一定的黑化度，在密åˆæ™’片时较为容易，å¯æ˜¯é»‘化过度，就会æˆä¸ºæ”¾å¤§è¾ƒéš¾çš„负片。
负片摄影法Negative photography
若将摄影完毕的负拿去晒å°ï¼Œå°±å¾—到表现为æ£åƒçš„照片，由负片一度先制出é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡ï¼ŒéšåŽç”¨å…¶æ£ç‰‡åŽ»æ™’å°ï¼Œå¾—到与负片具有åŒæ ·æ˜Žæš—表现的照片。常常为了追求特殊效果时采用。
负片黑化过度Denseness blur
负片的密度太高时，便丧失应有的清晰度。系这ç§çŠ¶æ€çš„俗称。
å¤åˆ¶Duplication
通常，多指彩色幻ç¯ç‰‡æˆ–é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡çš„å¤åˆ¶ï¼Œæˆ–者是指å¤åˆ¶å“。
å¤åˆ¶èƒ¶ç‰‡Duplication film
简称å¤åˆ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œä¾›é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡å¤åˆ¶ç”¨çš„胶片，å“ç§è¾ƒå¤šã€‚彩色幻ç¯ç‰‡çš„自制å¤åˆ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œå€˜ç”¨è¿™ç§èƒ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œæ— ç–‘å¯èŽ·è¾ƒä½³æˆå“。
é™„åŠ é•œå¤´attachment lens
指装在主镜上的辅助镜头而言，现在多指特写镜头。
附件accessory
指照相机和镜头ç‰ä¸»è¦å™¨æ以外的滤光镜ã€å¿«çº¿ã€ç‰¹å†™çŽ¯ç‰çš„å°å¤‡ä»¶ã€‚ä¸å¤‡æœ‰è¿™äº›å°é™„件，有时候ä¸èƒ½å……分达到摄影的目的。关于附件的选用方法，除快照æ‹æ‘„以外，还与æ高摄影的水平有关。
附件æ’座æ¿accessory shoe
为固定å°åž‹é—ªå…‰ç¯ç‰è£…在照è¦ä¸Šæœºä¸Šéƒ¨çš„å¡åº§ã€‚这里装有闪光ç¯çš„接点时å«åšç›´æŽ¥æŽ¥è§¦é—ªå…‰ï¼Œæœ€è¿‘出售的照相机差ä¸å¤šéƒ½å¸¦æ¤ä»¶ã€‚
G
æ„Ÿå…‰ææ–™photosensitive material
胶片ã€ç›¸çº¸ç‰ä¹‹æ€»ç§°ã€‚除供普通的照相用之外，还有供特殊用途的X光照相ã€å¹»ç¯ç‰‡ç‰ç”¨çš„é‡æ°®èƒ¶ç‰‡ã€å¦æœ‰ä¾›åŠžå…¬ç”¨ï¼ˆå¤æ‹ï¼‰çš„æ„Ÿå…‰æ料。应注æ„å„自的有效期é™ã€‚
感光度sensitivity
指胶片ã€ç›¸çº¸ç‰å¯¹å…‰çš„感觉程度。胶å·ç›’上表示的ASAã€JISç‰æ•°å€¼ç§°åä¹‰æ„Ÿå…‰åº¦ã€‚æ ¹æ®å¢žæ„Ÿæ˜¾å½±ç‰è¡¨ç¤ºçš„实质性数值。称实用感光度。比如，ASA400（å义感光度）的高感义黑白胶片，视增感显影，用于ASA800—1600（实用感光度）的情况较多。
ASA感光度ASA speed
ASAç³»ç¾Žå›½æ ‡å‡†å会（American Standards Association）之简称（现在的简称是ANSI）。指由ASAæ ‡å‡†è§„å®šçš„èƒ¶ç‰‡çš„æ„Ÿå…‰åº¦ã€‚é€šå¸¸ï¼Œç”¨ASA100或ASA400æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºã€‚
DIN感光度DIN degress
由德国工业胶片感度。为欧洲普用，而在日本则ä¸ç”¨å®ƒã€‚比如DIN21ï¼ASA100，DIN24ï¼ASA200，说明DINå€¼å¢žåŠ äº†ã€‚åˆ™ASA（JIS）便å˜æˆäº†2å€ã€‚
JIS感光度JIS sensitivity
æ ¹æ®æ—¥æœ¬å·¥ä¸šæ ‡å‡†ç¡®å®šçš„胶片感度。数值ASA感光度相åŒã€‚
感光测定Sensitometry
系确定胶片或相纸的æ¡ä»¶æ—¶é‡‡ç”¨ã€‚于æ›å…‰ã€æ˜¾å½±ä¹‹åŽï¼Œè§†å…¶å¯†åº¦ä»¥æµ‹å®šèƒ¶ç‰‡ã€ç›¸çº¸çš„感光度ã€é˜¶è°ƒç‰ã€‚
æ„Ÿå…‰æ€§æ ‘è„‚photopolymer
借助æ›å…‰ï¼Œå¯åœ¨æžçŸçš„时间内，使分å结构产生化å¦å˜åŒ–，é‡æº¶å‰‚å³å¼•èµ·å¯æº¶æ€§ï¼Œä¸æº¶æ€§ï¼Œç€è‰²ï¼Œç¡¬åŒ–ç‰å„ç§ç‰©ç†ä¸Šçš„å˜åŒ–。用它æ¥ä½œæ„Ÿå…‰æ料，效果æžå¥½ã€‚
æ„Ÿçƒæ‘„å½±heat sensitive photography
ä¾é çƒçº¿å‘ˆçŽ°å½±åƒçš„方法。å³åœ¨å·¥ä¸šéƒ¨é—¨ï¼ŒåŒ»ç–—éƒ¨é—¨ï¼Œæ ¹æ®ä»Žç‰©ä½“æ•£å‘红外线的强弱和分布，并将其记录下æ¥çš„方法。
感色性color sensitivity
指黑白胶片对色究竟能感觉到何ç§ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚接近人的视感度的胶片是æ£å…¨è‰²ç‰‡ï¼Œå®¹æ˜“感觉å‘红的是增全色性片，ä¸æ„Ÿçº¢è‰²çš„色盲片是黑白用的æ£ç‰‡ï¼ˆå…¨è‰²ã€æ£è‰²ã€æ„Ÿè“）和制版用的硬调片。
高å€å–景器high-pwwet finder
ç³»å¯æ›¿æ¢å–景的å•é•œå¤´å光相机用的俯视å–景器，å¯æ”¾å¤§ç„¦ç‚¹é¢è§‚视，便于å¤æ‹å’Œæ˜¾å¾®ç…§ç›¸çš„对焦。
高调high-key
å³äº®è°ƒã€‚照片上亮的部分较多，基本上由明亮的画é¢æž„æˆï¼Œä»…æœ‰å¾ˆå°‘çš„é»‘çš„éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽå‡ ä¹Žæ²¡æœ‰æš—è°ƒéƒ¨åˆ†çš„ç…§ç‰‡ï¼Œå¸¸ç§°ä½œäº®è°ƒç…§ç‰‡ã€‚æ¬²åˆ›ä½œé«˜è°ƒçš„ç…§ç‰‡ï¼Œå°±è¦è€ƒè™‘打光和使负片行到充足的黑度。
高分辨力胶片high distinguish film
除缩微胶片ã€ç¡¬è°ƒèƒ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬ç”¨çš„ASa25-32的胶片也包括在内。一般地说，感光度低，å差大。
高感度胶片rapid film
俗称快片。供快æ‹ç›¸æœºä½¿ç”¨çš„装在暗盒里的35毫米胶片。现在ä¸å¤§ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚
高速high speed
就快门的速度而言，通常指1ï¼500-1ï¼2000秒的情况较多。1ï¼60-1ï¼250秒系常用速度。
高速摄影high-speed photography
目的类似瞬刻摄影，但与瞬刻摄影相比，在æžçŸæ—¶é—´å†…è¿žç»æ‹æ‘„大é‡çš„照片，å¯ä»Žè¿™äº›å½±è±¡ä¸åˆ†æžçŽ°è±¡ã€‚平常æ¯ç§’钟约1000ç‰‡æ ¼ã€‚è‡³äºŽè¶…é«˜é€Ÿæ‘„å½±æ˜¯æ¯ç§’é’Ÿ100000-1000000ç‰‡æ ¼ã€‚
è·Ÿæ‹follow shot
åˆç§°è·Ÿé•œå¤´ã€‚适应动体的动作。比如对汽车ç‰åœ¨è¿‘è·ç¦»å¤„æ‹æ‘„时，与驶车的速度相应地移动相机æ‹æ‘„的方法。以1ï¼30秒上下为宜。汽车好似在画é¢ä¸Šåœæ¢ï¼Œåªæœ‰èƒŒæ™¯åœ¨æµåŠ¨ï¼Œèƒ½å……分表现动æ€ã€‚å› ä¸ºä¼šæ‹›è‡´ç…§ç›¸æœºæ™ƒåŠ¨ã€‚æ‰€ä»¥è‹¥ä¸ç†Ÿç»ƒï¼Œå¿«é—¨é€Ÿåº¦å’Œæœºèº«çš„转支ä¸èƒ½å–å¾—å‡è¡¡ï¼Œå°±æ‹ä¸å¥½ã€‚
å·¥ä½œæ ·ç‰‡industrial photography
在工业生产过程ä¸çš„ç ”ç©¶ã€è®°å½•ç‰å¹¿æ³›çš„领域内，从金属显微摄影ã€ç”µå显微摄影ã€X光照相到一般性的工业生产过程的记录记录。凡在工业部门得到应用的摄影之总称。
工艺摄影technological photography
在布匹ã€é™¶ç“·ã€æ¼†å™¨ã€é‡‘属æ¿ç‰çš„原æ料上晒å°çš„摄影之总称。仅是以照片作原稿，往åŽçš„å·¥åºï¼Œåˆ†åˆ«ä½œç‰¹æ®Šå¤„ç†ã€‚
构图composition
在摄影作画方é¢ï¼Œå¤šç”¨äºŽä¸Žç”»é¢ç»„æˆç›¸åŒçš„æ„æ€ã€‚
å¤å…¸å¼ç…§ç›¸æœºclassic camera
æ—§å¼ç…§ç›¸æœºä¹‹æ€»ç§°ã€‚å…¶ä¸åŒ…括作为现代ç贵器具ä»åœ¨ä½¿ç”¨çš„相机。
固定é…åˆå¼å¿«é—¨programmed shutter
一旦确定好æ›å…‰å€¼ä¾é 光圈和快门速度的，能获å–适当æ›å…‰ï¼Œç³»å¿«é—¨ä¹‹ä¸€ç§ï¼Œå·²ç»„装到电眼照ç¯æœºï¼Œä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†è‡ªåŠ¨æ›å…‰ç…§ç›¸æœºä¸Šã€‚
固体滤光片solid filter
æ£ç¡®çš„说法是固体玻璃滤光片。系一般摄影用的滤光片。针对镜头å£å¾„å¯é€‰æ‹©çš„å“咱很多（49毫米，52毫米ç‰ï¼‰ã€‚与醋酸滤光片和明胶滤光片相对地大多是指玻璃滤光片。
观光摄影sightseeing photography
ä¸ä»¥å•†å“为对象，而是以å„åœ°é£Žæ™¯ä¸ºä¸»é¢˜çš„å®£ä¼ ç”¨æ‘„å½±ï¼ŒåŸºæœ¬ä¸Šå½’å±žäºŽå•†ä¸šæ‘„å½±çš„èŒƒç•´ã€‚
光斑flare
由数å—镜片构æˆçš„照相镜头。光通过镜头时产生有害的å射，以至蒙盖了画é¢ï¼Œç§°æ¤ä¸ºå…‰æ–‘。于是对照相镜头的涂布也起到防æ¢å…‰æ–‘的作用。尤其在逆光摄影时，若ä¸è£…上镜头é®å…‰ç½©ï¼Œå°±å®¹æ˜“产生光斑。
光点æ›å…‰è¡¨spot meter
类似在åå°„å…‰å¼æ›å…‰è¡¨ä¸Šç»„装了望远镜头，æ›å…‰è¡¨çš„å—光角仅1-3度，精度æžé«˜ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽä¸èƒ½é 近测光时，效果较大。
å…‰ç”µæ± photovoltaic cell
类似电æ›å…‰è¡¨çš„ç¡’å…‰ç”µæ± ï¼Œå°†å…‰çš„æ˜Žæš—æ¢ä¸ºç”µæµå¼ºåº¦çš„ç”µæ± ã€‚
X光间接æ‹æ‘„用胶片Fluorography film
团体诊疗时，供æ‹æ‘„æ˜ åœ¨è¤å…‰æ¿ä¸Šçš„Xå…‰åƒç”¨çš„胶片。分35毫米和56＊84毫米。也å¯ç”¨äºŽæ‹æ‘„示示波器影象。
光圈stop，diaphragm，aperture
照相镜头用的光圈，æ£ç¡®çš„说法是å¯å˜å…‰åœˆã€‚起到调节通过照相镜头的光é‡å’Œæ›´æ”¹æ™¯æ·±çš„ä½œç”¨ã€‚æ ‡æœ‰1.4-2-2.8-4.5，6-8-11-16-22ç‰çš„刻度（指F数值），1刻度ç‰äºŽ2å€æˆ–1ï¼2å€çš„å…‰é‡ã€‚表示æ›å…‰æ—¶æ‰€è¯´1级光圈，指相邻的数å—，若将数å—弄å°1个刻度，则亮度ç‰äºŽ2å€ã€‚如缩到16或22ç‰ã€‚则景深相当大，有时使清晰度大为é™ä½Žï¼ˆç¼©å¾®ç…§ç‰‡ç‰ï¼‰ï¼Œå½“事先说定超放大时，ä¸å®œç¼©åˆ°è¶…过é™åº¦çš„程度。
光圈优先aperture-priority
在自动æ›å…‰ç…§ç›¸æœºä¸Šï¼Œåº”优先决定光圈了刻度。快门速度由电å快门控制，从而获得适度æ›å…‰çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚è¿™ç§æ–¹å¼ä¾¿äºŽç”¨åœ¨ç‰¹å†™ã€æ‹é™ç‰©ã€é£Žå…‰æ‘„å½±ç‰æ–¹é¢ã€‚除了专用镜头以外的摄影，如供大型摄影机用，或在其他机ç§çš„改良镜头，显微照相ä¸çš„自动æ›å…‰æ–¹é¢ï¼Œå¾ˆéœ€è¦å…‰åœˆä¼˜å…ˆå¼çš„照相机。
光滑é¢glossy surface
表示相纸表é¢æœ¯è¯ã€‚与微粒é¢ã€ç»¢çº¹ç‰ç›¸å¯¹ç§°ã€‚分光泽ã€åŠå…‰æ³½ã€æ— 光泽。
X光胶片X-ray film
ä¾›Xå…‰æ‹æ‘„使用。有在片基的两é¢æ¶‚有感光乳剂以æ高感光度的直接æ‹æ‘„用胶片。和借助X光片æ‹æ‘„è¤å…‰åƒçš„间接æ‹æ‘„用胶片（35毫米ã€56＊84毫米）。间接æ‹æ‘„用胶片，除X光照相外，还用于阴æžå°„线管示波器ç‰çš„摄影记录方é¢ã€‚
光蚀刻photoetching
简称光刻。利用照相手段制作抗蚀膜åƒï¼Œç”¨æ¥ä¿æŠ¤è¡¨é¢ï¼Œåœ¨é‡‘属ã€å¡‘æ–™ç‰ä¸Šé¢ï¼Œå€ŸåŠ©è…蚀剂进行è…蚀的方法。应用于制作å°ç‰‡æˆ–电器的线路æ¿ç‰ã€‚
光弹性摄影photo-elastic photography
é€æ˜Žå¡‘æ–™æ¿ç‰å±žäºŽå„å‘åŒæ€§ä½“ã€‚å¯¹å…¶æ–½åŠ åŠ›ï¼Œä»¥è¯¥éƒ¨åˆ†ä¸ºä¸å¿ƒäº§ç”Ÿåº”力应å˜ï¼Œä»Žè€Œå‡ºçŽ°å˜æŠ˜å°„性。在ç»è¿‡åå…‰æ¿çš„å…‰å‰æ”¾ç½®å¡‘æ–™æ¿ï¼Œåœ¨ç…§ç›¸æœºçš„镜头上装上å光滤光片，将æ¤æ»¤å…‰ç‰‡æ—‹è½¬ï¼Œä½¿ä¹‹æˆä¸ºæ£äº¤å光状况进行æ‹æ‘„，当应力应å˜ä¸ºç™½è‰²å…‰æ—¶ï¼Œé 色的ä¸åŒï¼Œä¸ºå•è‰²å…‰æ—¶é 明暗的程度鉴虽出现å„ä¸ç›¸åŒçš„æ¡çº¹ã€‚è¿™ç§è®°å½•ä¸ºå…‰å¼¹æ€§æ‘„影，视这ç§æ¡çº¹çš„表现程度，å¯çŸ¥æ–½åŠ 力的方å¼ã€‚
Aå…‰æºA light
é’¨ä¸å…‰ä¸ï¼Œç¬¦åˆè‰²æ¸©3400Kçš„å…‰æºã€‚ä¾›W型彩色胶片使用。
Bå…‰æºB light
é’¨ä¸ç¯å…‰ä¸ï¼Œç¬¦åˆè‰²æ¸©3200Kçš„å…‰æºï¼Œä¾›B型胶片使用。
光晕halation
æ›å…‰æ‹æ‘„过程ä¸ï¼Œå¼ºå…‰æŠ•å°„到胶片上时，é€è¿‡èƒ¶ç‰‡ä¹³å‰‚ä¸åœ¨ç‰‡åŸºè¡¨é¢è¿›è¡Œå射，从而招致使åƒå‘晕，称æ¤ä¸ºå…‰æ™•ã€‚为防æ¢è¿™ç§çŽ°è±¡å‘生，有时在片基和乳剂层之间涂上ç€è‰²å±‚，显影时å¯åŽ»æŽ‰ï¼Œæˆ–是在胶片片基上涂上ç°è‰²ï¼Œç§°æ¤ä¸ºé˜²å…‰æ™•å±‚。
光泽gloss
表示相纸表é¢æ‰‹å·¥è‰ºæœ¯è¯ã€‚多用于较薄的相纸。对涂塑相纸以外的光泽度高的粗纸，通常进行上光干燥。
X光照相X-ray photography
åˆç§°X射线照相。利用X光对物体的é€å°„æ€§ä¼˜è¶Šè¿™ä¸€ç‚¹ï¼Œå°†å›¾è±¡è®°å½•åœ¨ç…§ç‰‡ä¸Šï¼Œæ ¹æ®ä½¿ç”¨ç›®çš„å’ŒX光能é‡çš„ä¸åŒï¼Œæœ‰ä¾›è¯Šæ–医疗用的X光照相，éžç ´å检查ç‰çš„工业X光照相，å¦æ ¡æ•™è‚²ç”¨çš„软x光照ç¯ç‰ã€‚
X光照相机X-ray camera
记录Xå…‰åƒçš„照相机，直接æ‹æ‘„用的属暗箱之一ç§ã€‚间接æ‹æ‘„用照相机，å¯ç”¨å¤§å£å¾„镜头将è¤å…‰æ¿ä¸Šçš„Xå…‰åƒç‰¹å†™ä¸‹æ¥ã€‚总之，它是和X光诊æ–装置构æˆä¸€ä½“。
光轴optical axis
通过镜头ä¸å¿ƒçš„线。
å…‰å¦æ˜¾å¾®æ‘„å½±optical photomicrography
å³æ˜¾å¾®æ‘„影电å显微摄影而用的术è¯ã€‚由物镜（å€çŽ‡2-100å€ï¼‰å’Œç›®é•œï¼ˆ5-15å€ï¼‰çš„组åˆï¼Œè‹¥ç”¨35毫米照相机，å¯åœ¨èƒ¶ç‰‡ä¸Šæ‹æˆ5-800å€ã€‚若为å…寸片，能æ‹å‡º20-3000å€çš„照片，但光å¦æ˜¾å¾®é•œå€çŽ‡é™åº¦çº¦ä¸º1200å€ã€‚若超出æ¤é™åº¦è¿›è¡Œæ‰©å°ï¼Œæ— 法获得清晰的åƒã€‚
广告摄影advertising photography
与商业摄影范围相åŒçš„摄影。
广角镜头wide-angle lens
系视角范围为60度以上的镜头。若为35æ¯«ç±³è§„æ ¼ï¼Œ35毫米ã€28毫米ã€24毫米镜头，若为6＊6è§„æ ¼ï¼Œ50毫米以下是广角镜头。35æ¯«ç±³è§„æ ¼ï¼Œ20毫米以下称超广角镜头。若为å•é•œç”Ÿäº§å光用的镜头，属于åè¿œè·ç„¦ç‚¹å¼ã€‚ä¸Žæ ‡å‡†é•œå¤´ç›¸æ¯”ï¼Œæ™¯æ·±å¤§å’Œè¿œè¿‘æ„Ÿå¾—åˆ°å¤¸å¼ ï¼Œæ˜¯å…¶ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚å½“å®¤å†…å»ºç‘物和人物照片ç‰ï¼Œéƒ½éœ€ä½œåŒæ ·çš„注æ„。针对å•é•œå¤´å光照相机，用åå‘圈在逆方å‘上装好皮腔时，对å€çŽ‡å¤§çš„特写å´æ˜¯æ–¹ä¾¿çš„。
轨迹摄影locus photography
宇宙摄影之一，将摄影机固定在三脚架上，作30分钟到数å°æ—¶çš„æ›å…‰ï¼Œä»Žè€Œè®°å½•æ˜Ÿé™…借助日周è¿åŠ¨çš„轨迹，在摄影机é¢å‘çš„æ–¹å‘，é å¢žæ·»åœ°ä¸Šçš„æ ‘æœ¨ã€å»ºç‘物ç‰ï¼Œä½¿ç”»é¢å˜å¾—生动有趣。在宇宙摄影方é¢ç§°è¿™ç§æ‹æ‘„方法为é™æ¢æ‘„影或固定摄影，使用任何一ç§æ‘„影机。虽然è°éƒ½ä¼šæ‹æ‘„，但在都市区域，ä½å®…和商店的明亮度ä¸æ˜“摄入天空。
Cutting Screen Cropping
Cut around the enlarged photo. The practice is the same as trimming, but the finished size is smaller by cutting around.
Referee Photography Judgement photography
Also called end point recording photography. In order to record the arrival of photography in judging races and racing cars. According to the principle of the referee's camera, the necessary data such as the end point scene and date are captured. The speed of feeding the film is calculated based on the distance traveled at the arrival point. There are cameras for referees to sell.
Referee Camera Slit Camera
There are many varieties, most of which are self-made. A 0.3-0.1mm-wide slit is assembled in front of the film to move the film or slit and continuously photograph the moving body. Use this method to take a slit film, which is used by referees who arrive at the race.
Trimming
When zooming in, trim off unwanted parts around the negative and do not put it inside the picture. When a 35 mm single-lens reflex camera is used, it is preferable to emphasize amplitude modulation in photography because the viewing field can be correctly confirmed.
Color negative film Color negative
Refers to a negative film shot and developed with a color negative film. The color of the subject is complementary, and the opposite is true for light and shade. Due to the influence of the mask, the transparent part is orange.
Color Dupe Color dupe
Refers to the reproduction of color slides and transparent color prints.
Color reversal film Color reversal film
Also known as reverse color film, slide with color film. The color temperature of the development process after shooting is different, and the color temperature needs to be compensated by the LB filter and the CC filter. Compared with the color negative film, although the latitude of exposure is narrow, the color reproducibility under proper exposure is superior. Expand the printing from the color reversal film, use the positive-only mode (CB photo), or turn it into a negative film to print in negative-positive mode. In the past, it was used as a slide show or as a printed manuscript.
Color negative film
Generally called the end of the color. It is a film for color printing that depends on the relationship between the subject and the complementary color to create a dark and light inverted image. Films for professional use are S-type and L-type. Compared with the color reversal film, the latitude of the exposure is wide, and when printing in color, most colors can be compensated, which is an advantage. Large size enlargement, the charge is lower, the general size, can use automatic printing machine processing, the price is equal to black and white film.
Color bottom fog
Color reversal film is commonly known as the balance of color reproduction. Such as blue fog (blue) or magenta fog (red).
Color mixing head Color head
For color printing, CC filter loading and unloading device.
Color Film Color film
The general name for the film used to take color photos. Because it is divided into color reversal films for slides, print originals, and color negatives for enlargement, it is used depending on the application. The reversal film on the light source, it is necessary to distinguish between fluorescent lamps and tungsten lamps. According to the shutter speed, there are also S-type and L-type points. In terms of development processing, there is another distinction between intra- and extra-territory zones. Especially for reversal films, depending on the manufacturer and the trademark, it is important to help distinguish between them because of the individuality of the color.
Color filter Color filter
Compared with UV filter and VD filter, it is the general term for colored filters. Such as contrast filter, color separation filter, LB filter and so on.
Color photo Color print
Printed on color photo paper, most of the printing of transparent films is not called color photos. Photographic methods of drying have negative-positive and positive-positive forms. Negative-positive printing is cheap. When printing, easy to compensate for color, mostly for the public printing and large-scale amplification. With the enlargement of the reversal film, in most cases it is also turned into an intermediate film, using the negative-positive method. The positive and positive methods are photographs that have been sun-dried with color slides, CB photos, etc. There is a good color reproduction, not easy to fade (10 times the negative - positive mode) long outside, the price is high.
Positive color film
Officially known as color reversal film.
Color balance
Color film consists of three colors: yellow, magenta, and cyan. When the three colors are properly balanced, correct color reproduction can be achieved. For example, the LB filter is used to compensate for the balance between the fluorescent lamp and the tungsten lamp. When a slight color balance is desired, a CC filter may also be used.
Color Photography
Also known as color photography. Once upon a time there was no color photography. The color of the subject can be faithfully reproduced. There is a negative-positive film method using color negatives that has special features for large-scale enlargement of photographs, and color reversal films that have special qualities such as faithfulness to color reproduction, rapid slide show, and printed manuscripts. The printing of color negatives has reduced the cost due to automation, which is in line with the black-and-white photos, but there are still photo durability problems.
Color Adaptation Color adaptation chromatic adaptation chromatic adaptation
The eye is adaptable to color. If it's cloudy, it's okay under the lights, and it feels white for white paper. However, the color film does not have such adaptability, so a color temperature conversion filter is required.
Color Paper Color paper
Refers to photo paper for color printing. There are negative-use color papers produced by various manufacturers, which are similar to Ekta Colom Paper and Cheba Krom. The structure of the negative-use color paper is similar to that of a color negative film, but the type is not as good as black and white photo paper.
Positive Color Positive
The generic name of the positive image that appears in the same color as the subject's color. There are color reversal film shooting, development, and after printing with color negative film.
Color printing
The color film will be taken, after color separation plate, first made of dot red, yellow, blue, black four color negative film, used to tan into the same four color printing plate, in the four-color offset printing machine Colorful printed sheets. The quality of color printing depends on the quality of the photographic film.
Sidelight Side light
Light from the side of the subject, the three-dimensional sense was emphasized. For a projecting object, the side light energy illuminates very clearly, and depending on the subject, lighting from two lights on both sides may be quite effective. Use front light as auxiliary light as needed.
TTL light metering
With a single-lens reflex camera, light (brightness) through a photographic lens is measured. This can measure the amount of light entering the film regardless of the filter exposure magnification, the lens aperture, the skin cavity, and the close-up ring, and the lens expansion and contraction is required. The metering method varies depending on the type of camera and is divided into average metering, partial metering, and center-weighted metering. In ordinary photography, any kind of metering methods are similar, but like lighting methods such as backlighting, the brightness and darkness of the subject appear extremely different, or the photographing methods such as microscope photography are difficult to use. difference.
Rangefinder Range finder
The rangefinder is assembled in the camera and can be linked with the focusing mechanism.
Rangefinder linkage camera Range finder camera
Refers to the rangefinder that is calibrated and assembled in the camera. It is a general term for cameras that are linked to the focus structure. Although the 35-mm Leica type camera is a prototype, there are many kinds of cameras including a snap-in skin camera, a pocket camera and a news camera, and a camera that incorporates such a structure in distance measurement.
Profile like profile
Refers to the side of a person, the side of an image, and the side view of an object's appearance.
Test Target Text Chart
Means to check the performance of the lens or the color reproduction and contrast of the film. There are resolution targets for test lenses, grayscales for color reproduction, color charts, and color charts.
Gradation
Levels are generally expressed in negatives or photos, referring to the level of density from the highlights to the shadows. The difference in density is large, indicating that there are few levels, that is, it belongs to the hard tone. The density level is small and soft, and the tone is continuous, indicating rich levels.
Long focal length lens
Compared with the standard lens, a lens with a long focal length. The general telephoto lens is a long focal length lens (telescope head).
Long time exposure
Judging from the reciprocity law failure characteristic of color film, it refers to a slow shutter that is slower than 1/30 second. Exposures are usually seconds or tens of seconds.
Ultra wide angle lens Hyper wide-angle lens
In a wide-angle lens, a particularly wide-angle lens (80-110 degrees) is called. On the 35mm camera, it refers to a 15-20mm lens.
Hyperfocal distance
Hyperfocus is the same as fixed focus. When the lens focuses on a certain distance, the distance from the front to the rear is the center of the distance, and the depth of field is the focus. The depth of field behind it exceeds the distance of infinity and is called hyperfocal distance. The smaller the lens aperture, the greater the depth of field and the smaller the hyperfocal distance. For a hyperfocal fixed focus is a fixed focus camera.
Ultra-grain development Ultra-grain development
Also used for the same purpose is very microparticle development. For 35-mm partial enlargement and 16-mm, 110-film expansion, Sease III, Champline 15, and other formulations. In addition, in order to make ultra-fine particle negatives, there is a method of combining micro-films of micro-film and super-soft tone developer.
Ultra telephoto lens Ultra telephote-lens
In a telephoto lens, especially a lens with a long focal length. For a 35mm camera, it refers to a lens that is over 400mm.
Group photo of Photoessay
For a theme that cannot be represented with a photograph, use two or more photographs together. Sometimes called two sets or five sets. Within the scope of content expression, the fewer the number of photos, the less unrestrained the performance. When three to five sets are required, there must be a picture that highlights the theme center. The same theme, arranged in chronological order, with the same theme, but not the storyline, is called series creation.
Ghost image
A light spot. When a strong light enters the lens, repeated reflections are made inside the lens to form a virtual image on the screen. The image of the aperture aperture also often shines on the screen, calling it a ghost image.
Coarsely Coarsely
Due to the progress of the exposure, over development, sensitization development, etc., the film thickness of the film is made coarser.
D
Daguerreo festival
In order to commemorate Daguell's invention of photography, some countries are scheduled to hold a memorial tea party on August 9th each year.
Daguerreo type Daguerreo type
Also known as silver plate photography, it is considered to be the origin of photography. Invented by Daguerre in 1839. A silver iodide photosensitive film was formed on the surface of the polished silver plate, and after exposure for 30 minutes, it was developed by mercury sublimation and became a positive image.
Daquan Zhang Large whole paper
One lap larger than the full length, 50.8*61 cm.
Big six-inch piece Big cabinet
Bigger than 6 inches, it is 13*18 centimeters, equivalent to 5*7 inch. Recently, large 6-inch tablets were used instead of 6-inch tablets for amplification.
Big Four-inch Large card-size
Photo paper refers to 90*130 millimeters, and single sheets are 88*118 millimeters. Department of large six-inch piece size.
Large camera Large-size camera
Usually refers to the use of a single film or dry plate camera larger than 4*5. From the perspective of the form and structure of the camera, it is divided into news camera models, assembled camera models, and outdoor camera models. Due to the large size of the film, accurate and precise description can be achieved. Although there is a difference in degree, there is an oscillating mechanism and the lens can be replaced. As a multifunctional camera, its use is very large.
Nature Photography Nature photography
It is based on the photography of various phenomena in the natural world (meteorology, walruses, landscapes, etc.) until the ecology of plants and animals and celestial bodies. Observing nature deeply, grasping the natural descriptions of people and resorting to photography techniques to replace natural descriptions with photographic language is the essence of nature photography. Never make any subjective ideas. It is best not to think it must be scientific or documentary.
Full of light
Just like the front light and the straight light, there is no common sense of light on the subject. As long as you use a reliable strobe light mounted on a camera to shoot a few people gathered together, you will experience it.
Awkward Dull
Fingers or photographs show a soft or flat tone. In short, when the tone is not ideal, it is often referred to as awkward or dull.
Stay Still
In contrast to movies, it refers to general still photos. There are still examples of still-life cameras and still-life photos.
Single frame
Same as 1/2 size for 35mm full screen. In the slide field, it is equivalent to a single movie.
Single lens Single lens
For photographers, one piece of achromatic lens is affixed with two concave and convex lenses.
Single-lens reflex camera Single—lens reflex camera
With the use of mirrors, the light passing through the camera lens is reflected and projected onto the focusing screen, and a camera that can focus is designed. Always rely on pentaprism to move up and down to form a positive image. At present, most of the advanced cameras have been single-lens-mirrored.
Monochrome Photo Monochrome
Also refers to black and white photos or black-and-white film.
Reciprocity law
In a photochemical reaction, the amount of reaction is the product of the illuminance of the light and the irradiation time, which is proportional to the amount of light irradiated.
Reciprocity law failure
Refers to a phenomenon that does not meet the law of reciprocity and fails.
For the shutter speed range (approx. 1 second - 1/1000 second) attached to the camera, the exposure is proportional to the shutter speed, but the exposure time is extremely prolonged (or shortened). This relationship loses proportion and becomes underexposed. , call this reciprocity law failure. For black and white film, if it is more than 10 seconds, the exposure time is changed to 2 or more times. As for color photography, this effect is even greater, and occupational films are classified into S-type or L-type. However, in practical use, there is no need to worry too much between 1 second and 1/1000 seconds.
Reverse ring
For the camera body, connect the lens by turning the lens upside down. For close-up shots larger than the original, from the perspective of the lens configuration, if you do not reverse the assembly, you will not be able to get a clear zoom image. Using a wide-angle lens requires an indispensable stop ring for a close-up shot with high magnification.
AG Bulbs all-glass type bulb
One of the small flash bulbs, made entirely of glass.
Light film Tungsten type
T-type film, also known as electric light film. Photographic light bulbs and diffusers (white) obtain colored balanced color films in the range of 3200 to 3400k (flash about 3800k). In terms of light type, Kodak produced A-type (3400k) and B-type (3200K) points.
Lightbox Sharkarstain
A viewing light box (light emitter) for viewing X-rays (negative).
Photographic paper Gaslight paper
Low-sensitivity silver chloride paper for close-contact printing.
Low zoom lens Macro zoom lens
One of the zoom lenses is a lens with a close-up adjustment mechanism.
Low magnification photography lens Macro lens
Focus on high-resolution lenses designed for close-up photography. Sometimes referred to as a microscope head, a general-purpose lens, the reference is placed on the ∞ photography, and the low-magnification camera is based on a 1/10-fold upper and lower photography. Department F:3.5 up and down, although not a bright lens, but relying on the spiral pitching mechanism out, from ∞ to 1/2 times the close-up can be arbitrary choice. As with the standard lens, there are still 100-135 mm low-magnification cameras in addition to 50-60 mm. When there is a large demand for close-ups or remakes, it is better not to buy a camera with a standard head, but to buy a camera with a 50-60 mm low magnification camera. In outdoor photography, there is no problem with F:35. When close shots are taken, if F: 1.4 or 2 is used, the depth of field is shallow, and it is always reduced to 5.6–11. When focusing on ecological photography of animals and plants, 100 Millimeter-sized low-magnification cameras are easier to use.
Low magnification Photography Macrophotography
Also called super close up or zoom photography. With the same idea as the close-up, the distance between the photographic lens and the film is extended to increase the magnification. The magnification on the film surface, from the equal magnification to the actual application always has a limit. Even if it is enlarged photos, it is only about 50 times. There is also a limit from the point of view of resolution. In view of the overall rate of magnification, although it is somewhat overlapped with the microscope photography, there is an advantage that the depth of field can be easily increased in low-magnification photography. The role of recording photography is very significant.
Low Power Photography Stand Macro-stand
When using the skin cavity to take low-power photography, the support frame for the skin cavity and the camera is used for photography up to 3 times up and down.
Low key Low key
Also called dark shades. There are many dark parts of the photo, which are composed of a screen that gives a low-light feeling, and a bright part that occupies a very small area. Sometimes called a low-key photo. The density of negative film is not deep, it is a kind of flat contrast with less contrast.
Low sensitivity film Slow film
In contrast to high-sensitivity films, films below ASA50 are used. The commonality is the higher resolution and slightly harder nature. The usual film, more famous is Neopan F (ASA32), Panatomic X (ASA32), Pan F (ASA50) and so on. The color film is Kodachrom 25 (KM).
Original Negative (original negative or positive)
A negative film shot directly with a camera or a film such as a color reversal film. The term used for reprinted film is also known as the original film.
Film storage bag Negative cover
For use in finishing negative films, it is divided into 35mm (36 frames) and 120 pieces. For films larger than 6*7.4*5, most of them use a transparent bag that has been stored.
Electromagnetic release
The micro switch is used on the fast line of the shutter. The advantage is that the remote shutter is easily disconnected.
Electromagnetic wire point switch Solenoid release
For use with news cameras, etc., the series uses a magnet wire point switch. As long as you can extend the line, you can open the shutter farther away.
Motor Drive Motor drive
The springs or accessories assembled in the camera automatically take up the film by means of a micromotor, and are mostly used by 35mm single-lens reflex cameras. Taking a picture and continuous shooting can be alternated. Generally, 3 to 5 frames are shot for a second in continuous shooting. Depending on the type of camera, change the back cover to a long film cassette and you can shoot 250 frames. In addition to remote photography using a cord, it can also be automatically shot by an interval timer that is connected to a timer, or by controlling the shutter, etc., and has a wider application area. If you do not need continuous shooting, use an automatic film winder.
Electric Eye,EE
The aperture and the shutter speed are automatically determined according to the instructions of the electric exposure meter incorporated in the camera, and then exposed. There is not much difference with the automatic exposure, but the electric eye is installed on popular models. Divided into a fixed shutter speed (both high and low speed) and aperture variable mode, depending on the subject's brightness, aperture and shutter speed can be corresponding changes in the program. The former are mostly installed in popular models, while the latter are mostly installed in advanced models.
Electric eye camera Electric eye camera
A camera that can shoot without adjusting the aperture and shutter speed. Popularity machine is a fool camera that is usually called. In order to try out photography techniques, it is appropriate to use snapshots for outdoor purposes on sunny days.
Electronic color scanner
In the past, the film was taken to the plate making factory. Four color separations were made by the plate making camera in four consecutive batches to make four color printing plates. Nowadays, with the electronic color separation machine, a well-made color negative film can be loaded onto the machine, and four color separation negative films for printing plates can be obtained simultaneously in 6-7 minutes. The features are high quality and high speed. It can also reduce the cost of making printing plates.
Electronic shutter
Rely on the function of a transistor or capacitor to control the shutter speed. Because it can be linked with an electric exposure meter incorporated in a camera, it is used for electric eyes and automatic exposure cameras. In contrast, in the past, mechanical control using a spring, cam, or the like was called a mechanical shutter. The advantage of the electronic shutter is that the precision of the time control is required, a continuous speed can be obtained, and the long-time control of more than several seconds can be easily performed. Due to the development of electronic shutters, aperture-first TTL-AE cameras were completed.
Electron micrography Electron micrography
The shorter the wavelength, the greater the magnification of the microscope. Therefore, using an electron beam that is one ten-thousandth of light can produce an electron microscope with a maximum of two million to three million magnifications. Electron microscopes have transmission type (hundreds of times to hundreds of thousands of times commonly used) and scanning type (usually dozens of times to tens of thousands of times). Incidentally, the maximum magnification of an optical microscope is about 1500 times.
Electrographic Electrophtography
The general name of the copying method obtained by the combination of electrostatic principle and photoconductive property. It is often known by the names of zerography, zinc chloride electrophotography, and the like. General photography is called silver salt photography, and electrophotography and diazo photography are called non-silver salt photography.
Electric bulb Penut bulb
It is a small flash light bulb shaped like peanuts.
Tone Tone
Departments represent the contrast of black and white, the degree of perfection of the color balance, and the terms such as the level of depth. As with everyday language, there are quite a lot of meanings.
Fixed focus camera Fixed focus camera
Cameras for beginners are mainly used outdoors on sunny days. Lenses are greatly reduced in aperture and depth of field. As long as the focus is good at the hyperfocal distance, the depth of field of the mirror can be effectively used to the maximum. Thus, it is considered that the camera that is in focus is omitted.
Top light
It can be thought of as the noon light during the summer heat. The main light radiating from the top of the head is the most unsuitable light for photographing portraits. Use silver reflectors or strobe lights to change the front light to auxiliary light. Disappropriate cases immediately disappear.
Dynamic Movement
It is felt that the subject has a sense of life and activity. Use the effect of the posture, expression, etc. of the subject, the effect of shaking, and the shutter timing.
Dynamic Viewfinder Action finder
One of the prism viewfinders. Even if the glasses leave the viewfinder, they can see the fullness of the focusing glass and should be used for sports photography such as sports.
Live Camera Photography
Motorcycle racing or railway photography is a typical example of this, and correspondingly high-speed shutter or follow-up techniques are required. For close-ups or close-ups, strobe light is also an effective means. The method for determining the shutter speed varies depending on the distance to the subject, the direction of movement, and the focal length of the lens. Shooting distance, if you use a wide-angle lens, 1/25 - 1/250 seconds can also be. However, with the telescope head, facing the optical axis, to shoot at right angles to the movement, that is, use 1/1000 seconds, may also have difficulties, encounter this situation, using follow-up techniques is appropriate.
Animal Photography Animal photo
Speaking of animals, there are many types of fish, shrimp, and insects. The animal photography referred to here mostly refers to mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, etc., and is rewarded by dogs, cats, and birds. When animals are objects, they are often referred to as animal photography. The main goal of animal photography is to collect data for the ecological records needed for illustrations and even the action records required for ecological photography. Its usual expressions are mostly photographic aspects. For photography of wildlife, in addition to photography techniques, it is also necessary to have knowledge of the animal's actions and ecology with respect to the animal objects photographed.
Coated filter
Most of the photographic lenses are coated lenses, and many of the filters have been coated. Except the color, any symbol with C signifies that it has been coated.
Short Zoom Lens zoom zoom-lens
The focal length is centered on a standard lens and can be used as a compact zoom lens with a wide-angle change.
Short barrel lens
Refers to precision screws that have not been assembled for focusing.
Multi-layer coating
Also known as multi-layer coating. Almost all existing photographic lenses have been coated with multiple layers, making full use of its film coating effect.
Multilayer color film Multi-layer eolor film
The existing color films belong to this category, and its emulsion is divided into three layers.
Multilayer color film Monopack
A photosensitive material made of three different emulsion layers with different colorings was coated on a common carrier.
Multiple Exposure Multiple Exposure
For the same screen, open the fast station more than twice, and make the images superimposed and photographed. Also known as double exposure or triple exposure. Recently, amateur-oriented cameras have been equipped with anti-double shooting devices. Therefore, if they are not removed, they cannot be captured. This approach is often used for landscapes such as night scenes and fireworks.
Flash Multiflash
Products for use by professional photographers have special strobe lights that emit light several times to several tens of times in one second, and are mainly used for electrophotography or dynamic body imaging. The use of AC power is more, and it is used in academic research where the flash time is very short and the amount of light needs to be large. The device is also large.
Multi-lamp lighting Poly-lamp lighting
Refers to lighting with more than two lights.
Multi-spectral band photography Multi spectnal photography
Multi-spectral color photography is also known as aerial photography using remote sensing technology. The multi-spectral band with 4 heads was used to synthesize the color image. Using this method, forest surveys and geology and large-scale surveys in the ocean area can be effectively conducted.
Multispectral camera Multi-band camera
Also known as a multi-colored camera, it is a camera for aerial photogrammetry applications. Take photos on 4 films simultaneously with 4 lenses.
Multi-strobe Photography Multi stroboscophtography
Photography provided for the imaging of various types of movements and analysis of movements, in most cases using a black background and using multiple flashes as light sources. Depending on the movement of the moving body, on one-piece film, it is sometimes made to shoot together, sometimes with continuous shooting. In general, high-sensitivity films are used because of the small amount of light.
E
Secondary development
In the reversal development process, the second development is called secondary development for the first development (first development).
Two-color interference filter Dichroic filter
Refers to yellow, magenta, and blue solid filters that are assembled in a color enlarger for complementary color.
Used Camera Second hand camera
With the old camera. When the feeling of mood is temporarily used, products with roughly the same performance can be purchased cheaply, but they must be selected from reputable shops. The old goods that are eliminated by the photographers belong to a class that has a purchase value. However, the old cameras used by professional photographers may have problems with durability. Therefore, for a very cheap and cheap product, it should be fully checked.
F
Ending Internegative
It is generally pointed out that from the color reversal film to the intermediate film used for printing.
Copy Copy
Also called copy. It belongs to the category of close-ups. Photographing books, charts, paintings, etc., are called remakes. Auxiliary equipment is also basically close to the camera. Just light it up and remember it. For graphs, etc., because of the use of high-contrast microfilm, exposure should be treated with caution. For the remake of the book, the camera is no longer used. Therefore, it mainly includes slides for making charts, and remakes of paintings. For the copy of a color slide, it is generally not called a remake, and it is called reversal.
Renovation check Overhaul
Repair and inspection. Since the camera is also one of the precision machines, after a period of use, it needs to be thoroughly checked. The need for overhauling can be judged by the manufacturer's service center, but the general goal is that after 100-200 films are taken, even if they are not used, they should be checked once every 2-3 years at sea and on the coast. After the area has been used for a long period of time, it is better to commission the service center to conduct the inspection once a year.
Contrast contrast
Refers to a negative or contrasting term on a negative or photograph. Large contrast between light and shade indicates a large contrast. When the contrast is large, the picture is hard-coded.
Contrast filter
When shooting with black-and-white film, the color is replaced with a single color of light and dark. The feeling of color is not the same between the naked eye and the film. It's easy to make black and white photos flat tones. In this case, the filter used to bring the contrast to the picture is a contrast filter. Y-2 filters (yellow, Y-48, etc.), Y-3 (orange, 0-56, etc.), R-1 (red, R-60, etc.), and R-1 are most commonly used for landscape photography. Can give contrast. Normally, if the color of the subject is the same, the contrast is small, and with a color filter equivalent to the complementary color, the contrast is large.
Contrast Sharpness
The popular name is good or bad. Meaning the same as clarity. Indicates that the image is well-defined.
Gamma Gamma
Also known as gamma, denoted by r. Represents the film and other contrast scales, the number is large, which means that the contrast is large and it belongs to the hard tone, while the small one means that the contrast is small and it belongs to the soft tone. 35mm and 6*6 negatives, with 0.6 up and down standards.
Reflector Reflector
Commonly used silver reflectors. Especially for fluorescent lights, strobe lights and other main light source is 1 light, light and large effect. If it is for close-up applications, white backing paper can be purchased at the stationery shop, silver paper or aluminum foil can be attached to its monotonous surface, and can be divided into silver reflectors and white reflectors. Try the silver reflector first. If the reflection effect is excessive, use a white reflector.
Reflective finder adapter
When the lens is facing the front, an accessory for a single-lens reflex camera is shot horizontally.
Reflective camera Reflex camera
The general image of a single-lens reflex camera and a dual-lens reflex camera that can be seen on the focus glass twice as much.
Bounce shoe
The attachment of the clip-on strobe light to the attachment socket plate of the camera is an attachment that allows the strobe light to be arbitrarily changed (reflection flash). Can also be mounted on bracket type fixtures.
Bounce light
The use of indirect light has the same effect as that of astigmatism. Because of the popularity of strobe lights, they are often used in indoor photography. This method is called reflection flash. The tools used for this purpose are reflex umbrellas. When no umbrella reflector is used, light hits a bright wall or roof behind the camera. The brightness will drop below 1/4, no eye-catching shadow will appear, and there will be no light-like photos. The reduction in brightness can be compensated with high-sensitivity films.
Reflector lamp
When used for photography, it should be described as a photographic reflector. Divided into astigmatic concentrator type. In addition to tungsten lamps, there are blue fluorescent lamps (blue lights), in order to obtain the correct color reproduction, it is best not to use blue lights, and LB filters are preferred.
Reflector lens
Also known as telephoto lens, mirror lens. Department of astronomical telescopes and other types used, can also be used for single-lens reflex camera 500-2000 mm lens. Using two spherical mirrors, from the perspective of the focal length, the lens barrel is short and thick, characterized by no aperture, small size and light weight, and easy operation. Some built-in filters use ND filters instead of apertures to adjust the amount of light.
Mirror division
When using a super telephoto lens or extending the skin cavity for close-up and microscope photography, sometimes the upper part of the viewfinder is darkened due to the specification of the mirror. This is called mirror delamination. However, the film was shot on the film but the entire scene.
Mirror-up device
In the single-lens reflex camera, at the same time as the shutter is activated, the mirror rises and the shutter closes. Due to the high possibility of camera shake, in order to prevent this, when the camera is fixed on a tripod for shooting, just before shooting, only Reflector rising device.
Reflected-light exposure meter
Measure the brightness reflected from the projectile to determine the exposure meter. In the case where the contrast between the light and darkness of the subject is extremely large, a certain amount of compensation is required under lighting conditions like backlighting, but under the condition of smooth light shooting, measurement errors rarely occur. All exposure meters assembled in the camera are of this type. Extremely narrow light receiving angle is called spot exposure meter, suitable for telephoto shooting.
Mirror meter
Mounted on a single-lens reflex camera to measure the light passing through the slit. The feature is that you can replace the pentaprism or overlook the viewfinder.
Reflective Viewfinder Reflex finder
It is a generic name for those who rely on reflection as a 90-degree reflection peek for a double-lens reflex camera, a single-lens reflex camera, a bird's-eye viewfinder, and a side viewfinder.
Retrofocus Lens
The rear end of the wide-angle lens used in single-lens cameras is designed not to touch the reflector. This type of lens is called an anti-telephoto lens. When mounted on the skin cavity for enlarged photography, it is installed in the reverse direction without the use of an inverted adapter. Shooting is not clear.
Reversal film
After shooting, use the reversal development to take the correct film again. The general exposure has a narrow tolerance. There are no black-and-white, only color films for slides.
Reversal development
The development that is taken to turn the film taken directly into a positive image. The color reversal film is an example. In the case of black-and-white film, it has been done in the past. After the film is first developed, the silver image is floated, and the light is projected on the remaining unexposed areas, or it is processed in the reversal bath. , for the second development (color film is a color development).
Floodlight Scoop light
The shooting light bulb is put into a large reflector for use as a high-brightness diffusion light source. Although it is indispensable for lighting in the sheds, it can be regarded as one of the light sources with good lighting effect for general amateur indoor photography.
Anti curl backing Anticurl backing
Also known as the back layer. For film, in order to prevent halation and curling, the gelatin layer is coated on the back side of the base (without the emulsion side).
Enlargement
Make larger photographs than negative ones. In normal times, it is more than 10 times, and when 35 mm is used, the enlargement to full length (56*90 cm) is a limit.
Enlarge Lamp Enlarger lamp
The milky white glass bulb used for poly-dispersion amplifiers is flat in front. About 150 watts. When used as a close-up light, there are other types of light bulbs that are used. When a gallbladder is used, it should be suitable for a magnifying machine.
Enlarging timer
Set the timing tool for the exposure time when zooming in. Divided into two kinds of electronic and manual counting seconds that are suitable for determining the proper exposure time for the brightness of the print screen.
Magnifying lens
Used for magnification, it is suitable for close-range compensated lenses, mostly F:3.5-4.5. Due to the fact that many cameras are used in Leica cameras, they are mounted on the skin cavity to expand the application. In order to consider the short tube head, a 75-105 mm lens is mounted on the skin cavity, and photography can be done from infinity to the same size. In the past, quite a lot of it was used for ecological photography.
Amplifier Enlarger
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放大镜Magnifier
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飞掉Darted away
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è²æ¶…å°”é€é•œFresnel lens
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åˆ†è¾¨åŠ›æ ‡æ¿Text chart
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分辨力（胶片）
Resolving power
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分辩力（镜头）
Resolving power
镜头的分辨力，通常以摄影分辨力表示。用高分辨力胶片æ‹æ‘„æµ‹è¯•æ ‡æ¿ï¼Œç”¨1毫米宽当ä¸èƒ½è¯†åˆ«å¤šå°‘æ ¹çº¿çš„çº¿æ•°è¡¨ç¤ºã€‚è‹¥ä»¥é«˜çº§é•œå¤´ä¸ºä¾‹ï¼Œ50毫米F：1.4镜头，光圈满开，ä¸å¿ƒéƒ¨åˆ†ä¸º150—200线，画é¢å…¨ä½“为100—150线，若是F：5.6则分别为200—250线，150—180线。实际上在摄影，å—胶片分辨力（一般以50—100线为好）的影å“较大。
分光摄影机One—shot camera
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分光照片Spectrograph
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风景摄影Landscape photography
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浮凸状照片Relief photo
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俯摄角度High angle
将照相机置于高处，往下æ‹æ‘„时的照相机角度。
俯摄照片Bird's—eye—view photography
从高处往下俯视宽广的范围进行æ‹æ‘„的照片。
俯视å–景器Waist level finder
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俯仰æ‹æ‘„Tilting
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辅助光Fill—in light
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负感作用Solarization
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负片Negative
指照片的阴图，有时指原版。
负片黑化度Denseness
有时å•ç§°é»‘化度。通常用æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè´Ÿç‰‡çš„浓密度。负片具有一定的黑化度，在密åˆæ™’片时较为容易，å¯æ˜¯é»‘化过度，就会æˆä¸ºæ”¾å¤§è¾ƒéš¾çš„负片。
负片摄影法Negative photography
若将摄影完毕的负拿去晒å°ï¼Œå°±å¾—到表现为æ£åƒçš„照片，由负片一度先制出é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡ï¼ŒéšåŽç”¨å…¶æ£ç‰‡åŽ»æ™’å°ï¼Œå¾—到与负片具有åŒæ ·æ˜Žæš—表现的照片。常常为了追求特殊效果时采用。
负片黑化过度Denseness blur
负片的密度太高时，便丧失应有的清晰度。系这ç§çŠ¶æ€çš„俗称。
å¤åˆ¶Duplication
通常，多指彩色幻ç¯ç‰‡æˆ–é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡çš„å¤åˆ¶ï¼Œæˆ–者是指å¤åˆ¶å“。
å¤åˆ¶èƒ¶ç‰‡Duplication film
简称å¤åˆ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œä¾›é€æ˜Žæ£ç‰‡å¤åˆ¶ç”¨çš„胶片，å“ç§è¾ƒå¤šã€‚彩色幻ç¯ç‰‡çš„自制å¤åˆ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œå€˜ç”¨è¿™ç§èƒ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œæ— ç–‘å¯èŽ·è¾ƒä½³æˆå“。
é™„åŠ é•œå¤´attachment lens
指装在主镜上的辅助镜头而言，现在多指特写镜头。
附件accessory
指照相机和镜头ç‰ä¸»è¦å™¨æ以外的滤光镜ã€å¿«çº¿ã€ç‰¹å†™çŽ¯ç‰çš„å°å¤‡ä»¶ã€‚ä¸å¤‡æœ‰è¿™äº›å°é™„件，有时候ä¸èƒ½å……分达到摄影的目的。关于附件的选用方法，除快照æ‹æ‘„以外，还与æ高摄影的水平有关。
附件æ’座æ¿accessory shoe
为固定å°åž‹é—ªå…‰ç¯ç‰è£…在照è¦ä¸Šæœºä¸Šéƒ¨çš„å¡åº§ã€‚这里装有闪光ç¯çš„接点时å«åšç›´æŽ¥æŽ¥è§¦é—ªå…‰ï¼Œæœ€è¿‘出售的照相机差ä¸å¤šéƒ½å¸¦æ¤ä»¶ã€‚
G
æ„Ÿå…‰ææ–™photosensitive material
胶片ã€ç›¸çº¸ç‰ä¹‹æ€»ç§°ã€‚除供普通的照相用之外，还有供特殊用途的X光照相ã€å¹»ç¯ç‰‡ç‰ç”¨çš„é‡æ°®èƒ¶ç‰‡ã€å¦æœ‰ä¾›åŠžå…¬ç”¨ï¼ˆå¤æ‹ï¼‰çš„æ„Ÿå…‰æ料。应注æ„å„自的有效期é™ã€‚
感光度sensitivity
指胶片ã€ç›¸çº¸ç‰å¯¹å…‰çš„感觉程度。胶å·ç›’上表示的ASAã€JISç‰æ•°å€¼ç§°åä¹‰æ„Ÿå…‰åº¦ã€‚æ ¹æ®å¢žæ„Ÿæ˜¾å½±ç‰è¡¨ç¤ºçš„实质性数值。称实用感光度。比如，ASA400（å义感光度）的高感义黑白胶片，视增感显影，用于ASA800—1600（实用感光度）的情况较多。
ASA感光度ASA speed
ASAç³»ç¾Žå›½æ ‡å‡†å会（American Standards Association）之简称（现在的简称是ANSI）。指由ASAæ ‡å‡†è§„å®šçš„èƒ¶ç‰‡çš„æ„Ÿå…‰åº¦ã€‚é€šå¸¸ï¼Œç”¨ASA100或ASA400æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºã€‚
DIN感光度DIN degress
由德国工业胶片感度。为欧洲普用，而在日本则ä¸ç”¨å®ƒã€‚比如DIN21ï¼ASA100，DIN24ï¼ASA200，说明DINå€¼å¢žåŠ äº†ã€‚åˆ™ASA（JIS）便å˜æˆäº†2å€ã€‚
JIS感光度JIS sensitivity
æ ¹æ®æ—¥æœ¬å·¥ä¸šæ ‡å‡†ç¡®å®šçš„胶片感度。数值ASA感光度相åŒã€‚
感光测定Sensitometry
系确定胶片或相纸的æ¡ä»¶æ—¶é‡‡ç”¨ã€‚于æ›å…‰ã€æ˜¾å½±ä¹‹åŽï¼Œè§†å…¶å¯†åº¦ä»¥æµ‹å®šèƒ¶ç‰‡ã€ç›¸çº¸çš„感光度ã€é˜¶è°ƒç‰ã€‚
æ„Ÿå…‰æ€§æ ‘è„‚photopolymer
借助æ›å…‰ï¼Œå¯åœ¨æžçŸçš„时间内，使分å结构产生化å¦å˜åŒ–，é‡æº¶å‰‚å³å¼•èµ·å¯æº¶æ€§ï¼Œä¸æº¶æ€§ï¼Œç€è‰²ï¼Œç¡¬åŒ–ç‰å„ç§ç‰©ç†ä¸Šçš„å˜åŒ–。用它æ¥ä½œæ„Ÿå…‰æ料，效果æžå¥½ã€‚
æ„Ÿçƒæ‘„å½±heat sensitive photography
ä¾é çƒçº¿å‘ˆçŽ°å½±åƒçš„方法。å³åœ¨å·¥ä¸šéƒ¨é—¨ï¼ŒåŒ»ç–—éƒ¨é—¨ï¼Œæ ¹æ®ä»Žç‰©ä½“æ•£å‘红外线的强弱和分布，并将其记录下æ¥çš„方法。
感色性color sensitivity
指黑白胶片对色究竟能感觉到何ç§ç¨‹åº¦ã€‚接近人的视感度的胶片是æ£å…¨è‰²ç‰‡ï¼Œå®¹æ˜“感觉å‘红的是增全色性片，ä¸æ„Ÿçº¢è‰²çš„色盲片是黑白用的æ£ç‰‡ï¼ˆå…¨è‰²ã€æ£è‰²ã€æ„Ÿè“）和制版用的硬调片。
高å€å–景器high-pwwet finder
ç³»å¯æ›¿æ¢å–景的å•é•œå¤´å光相机用的俯视å–景器，å¯æ”¾å¤§ç„¦ç‚¹é¢è§‚视，便于å¤æ‹å’Œæ˜¾å¾®ç…§ç›¸çš„对焦。
高调high-key
å³äº®è°ƒã€‚照片上亮的部分较多，基本上由明亮的画é¢æž„æˆï¼Œä»…æœ‰å¾ˆå°‘çš„é»‘çš„éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽå‡ ä¹Žæ²¡æœ‰æš—è°ƒéƒ¨åˆ†çš„ç…§ç‰‡ï¼Œå¸¸ç§°ä½œäº®è°ƒç…§ç‰‡ã€‚æ¬²åˆ›ä½œé«˜è°ƒçš„ç…§ç‰‡ï¼Œå°±è¦è€ƒè™‘打光和使负片行到充足的黑度。
高分辨力胶片high distinguish film
除缩微胶片ã€ç¡¬è°ƒèƒ¶ç‰‡ï¼Œä¸€èˆ¬ç”¨çš„ASa25-32的胶片也包括在内。一般地说，感光度低，å差大。
高感度胶片rapid film
俗称快片。供快æ‹ç›¸æœºä½¿ç”¨çš„装在暗盒里的35毫米胶片。现在ä¸å¤§ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚
高速high speed
就快门的速度而言，通常指1ï¼500-1ï¼2000秒的情况较多。1ï¼60-1ï¼250秒系常用速度。
高速摄影high-speed photography
目的类似瞬刻摄影，但与瞬刻摄影相比，在æžçŸæ—¶é—´å†…è¿žç»æ‹æ‘„大é‡çš„照片，å¯ä»Žè¿™äº›å½±è±¡ä¸åˆ†æžçŽ°è±¡ã€‚平常æ¯ç§’钟约1000ç‰‡æ ¼ã€‚è‡³äºŽè¶…é«˜é€Ÿæ‘„å½±æ˜¯æ¯ç§’é’Ÿ100000-1000000ç‰‡æ ¼ã€‚
è·Ÿæ‹follow shot
åˆç§°è·Ÿé•œå¤´ã€‚适应动体的动作。比如对汽车ç‰åœ¨è¿‘è·ç¦»å¤„æ‹æ‘„时，与驶车的速度相应地移动相机æ‹æ‘„的方法。以1ï¼30秒上下为宜。汽车好似在画é¢ä¸Šåœæ¢ï¼Œåªæœ‰èƒŒæ™¯åœ¨æµåŠ¨ï¼Œèƒ½å……分表现动æ€ã€‚å› ä¸ºä¼šæ‹›è‡´ç…§ç›¸æœºæ™ƒåŠ¨ã€‚æ‰€ä»¥è‹¥ä¸ç†Ÿç»ƒï¼Œå¿«é—¨é€Ÿåº¦å’Œæœºèº«çš„转支ä¸èƒ½å–å¾—å‡è¡¡ï¼Œå°±æ‹ä¸å¥½ã€‚
å·¥ä½œæ ·ç‰‡industrial photography
在工业生产过程ä¸çš„ç ”ç©¶ã€è®°å½•ç‰å¹¿æ³›çš„领域内，从金属显微摄影ã€ç”µå显微摄影ã€X光照相到一般性的工业生产过程的记录记录。凡在工业部门得到应用的摄影之总称。
工艺摄影technological photography
在布匹ã€é™¶ç“·ã€æ¼†å™¨ã€é‡‘属æ¿ç‰çš„原æ料上晒å°çš„摄影之总称。仅是以照片作原稿，往åŽçš„å·¥åºï¼Œåˆ†åˆ«ä½œç‰¹æ®Šå¤„ç†ã€‚
构图composition
在摄影作画方é¢ï¼Œå¤šç”¨äºŽä¸Žç”»é¢ç»„æˆç›¸åŒçš„æ„æ€ã€‚
å¤å…¸å¼ç…§ç›¸æœºclassic camera
æ—§å¼ç…§ç›¸æœºä¹‹æ€»ç§°ã€‚å…¶ä¸åŒ…括作为现代ç贵器具ä»åœ¨ä½¿ç”¨çš„相机。
固定é…åˆå¼å¿«é—¨programmed shutter
一旦确定好æ›å…‰å€¼ä¾é 光圈和快门速度的，能获å–适当æ›å…‰ï¼Œç³»å¿«é—¨ä¹‹ä¸€ç§ï¼Œå·²ç»„装到电眼照ç¯æœºï¼Œä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†è‡ªåŠ¨æ›å…‰ç…§ç›¸æœºä¸Šã€‚
固体滤光片solid filter
æ£ç¡®çš„说法是固体玻璃滤光片。系一般摄影用的滤光片。针对镜头å£å¾„å¯é€‰æ‹©çš„å“咱很多（49毫米，52毫米ç‰ï¼‰ã€‚与醋酸滤光片和明胶滤光片相对地大多是指玻璃滤光片。
观光摄影sightseeing photography
ä¸ä»¥å•†å“为对象，而是以å„åœ°é£Žæ™¯ä¸ºä¸»é¢˜çš„å®£ä¼ ç”¨æ‘„å½±ï¼ŒåŸºæœ¬ä¸Šå½’å±žäºŽå•†ä¸šæ‘„å½±çš„èŒƒç•´ã€‚
光斑flare
由数å—镜片构æˆçš„照相镜头。光通过镜头时产生有害的å射，以至蒙盖了画é¢ï¼Œç§°æ¤ä¸ºå…‰æ–‘。于是对照相镜头的涂布也起到防æ¢å…‰æ–‘的作用。尤其在逆光摄影时，若ä¸è£…上镜头é®å…‰ç½©ï¼Œå°±å®¹æ˜“产生光斑。
光点æ›å…‰è¡¨spot meter
类似在åå°„å…‰å¼æ›å…‰è¡¨ä¸Šç»„装了望远镜头，æ›å…‰è¡¨çš„å—光角仅1-3度，精度æžé«˜ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽä¸èƒ½é 近测光时，效果较大。
å…‰ç”µæ± photovoltaic cell
类似电æ›å…‰è¡¨çš„ç¡’å…‰ç”µæ± ï¼Œå°†å…‰çš„æ˜Žæš—æ¢ä¸ºç”µæµå¼ºåº¦çš„ç”µæ± ã€‚
X光间接æ‹æ‘„用胶片Fluorography film
团体诊疗时，供æ‹æ‘„æ˜ åœ¨è¤å…‰æ¿ä¸Šçš„Xå…‰åƒç”¨çš„胶片。分35毫米和56＊84毫米。也å¯ç”¨äºŽæ‹æ‘„示示波器影象。
光圈stop，diaphragm，aperture
照相镜头用的光圈，æ£ç¡®çš„说法是å¯å˜å…‰åœˆã€‚起到调节通过照相镜头的光é‡å’Œæ›´æ”¹æ™¯æ·±çš„ä½œç”¨ã€‚æ ‡æœ‰1.4-2-2.8-4.5，6-8-11-16-22ç‰çš„刻度（指F数值），1刻度ç‰äºŽ2å€æˆ–1ï¼2å€çš„å…‰é‡ã€‚表示æ›å…‰æ—¶æ‰€è¯´1级光圈，指相邻的数å—，若将数å—弄å°1个刻度，则亮度ç‰äºŽ2å€ã€‚如缩到16或22ç‰ã€‚则景深相当大，有时使清晰度大为é™ä½Žï¼ˆç¼©å¾®ç…§ç‰‡ç‰ï¼‰ï¼Œå½“事先说定超放大时，ä¸å®œç¼©åˆ°è¶…过é™åº¦çš„程度。
光圈优先aperture-priority
在自动æ›å…‰ç…§ç›¸æœºä¸Šï¼Œåº”优先决定光圈了刻度。快门速度由电å快门控制，从而获得适度æ›å…‰çš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚è¿™ç§æ–¹å¼ä¾¿äºŽç”¨åœ¨ç‰¹å†™ã€æ‹é™ç‰©ã€é£Žå…‰æ‘„å½±ç‰æ–¹é¢ã€‚除了专用镜头以外的摄影，如供大型摄影机用，或在其他机ç§çš„改良镜头，显微照相ä¸çš„自动æ›å…‰æ–¹é¢ï¼Œå¾ˆéœ€è¦å…‰åœˆä¼˜å…ˆå¼çš„照相机。
光滑é¢glossy surface
表示相纸表é¢æœ¯è¯ã€‚与微粒é¢ã€ç»¢çº¹ç‰ç›¸å¯¹ç§°ã€‚分光泽ã€åŠå…‰æ³½ã€æ— 光泽。
X光胶片X-ray film
ä¾›Xå…‰æ‹æ‘„使用。有在片基的两é¢æ¶‚有感光乳剂以æ高感光度的直接æ‹æ‘„用胶片。和借助X光片æ‹æ‘„è¤å…‰åƒçš„间接æ‹æ‘„用胶片（35毫米ã€56＊84毫米）。间接æ‹æ‘„用胶片，除X光照相外，还用于阴æžå°„线管示波器ç‰çš„摄影记录方é¢ã€‚
光蚀刻photoetching
简称光刻。利用照相手段制作抗蚀膜åƒï¼Œç”¨æ¥ä¿æŠ¤è¡¨é¢ï¼Œåœ¨é‡‘属ã€å¡‘æ–™ç‰ä¸Šé¢ï¼Œå€ŸåŠ©è…蚀剂进行è…蚀的方法。应用于制作å°ç‰‡æˆ–电器的线路æ¿ç‰ã€‚
光弹性摄影photo-elastic photography
é€æ˜Žå¡‘æ–™æ¿ç‰å±žäºŽå„å‘åŒæ€§ä½“ã€‚å¯¹å…¶æ–½åŠ åŠ›ï¼Œä»¥è¯¥éƒ¨åˆ†ä¸ºä¸å¿ƒäº§ç”Ÿåº”力应å˜ï¼Œä»Žè€Œå‡ºçŽ°å˜æŠ˜å°„性。在ç»è¿‡åå…‰æ¿çš„å…‰å‰æ”¾ç½®å¡‘æ–™æ¿ï¼Œåœ¨ç…§ç›¸æœºçš„镜头上装上å光滤光片，将æ¤æ»¤å…‰ç‰‡æ—‹è½¬ï¼Œä½¿ä¹‹æˆä¸ºæ£äº¤å光状况进行æ‹æ‘„，当应力应å˜ä¸ºç™½è‰²å…‰æ—¶ï¼Œé 色的ä¸åŒï¼Œä¸ºå•è‰²å…‰æ—¶é 明暗的程度鉴虽出现å„ä¸ç›¸åŒçš„æ¡çº¹ã€‚è¿™ç§è®°å½•ä¸ºå…‰å¼¹æ€§æ‘„影，视这ç§æ¡çº¹çš„表现程度，å¯çŸ¥æ–½åŠ 力的方å¼ã€‚
Aå…‰æºA light
é’¨ä¸å…‰ä¸ï¼Œç¬¦åˆè‰²æ¸©3400Kçš„å…‰æºã€‚ä¾›W型彩色胶片使用。
Bå…‰æºB light
é’¨ä¸ç¯å…‰ä¸ï¼Œç¬¦åˆè‰²æ¸©3200Kçš„å…‰æºï¼Œä¾›B型胶片使用。
光晕halation
æ›å…‰æ‹æ‘„过程ä¸ï¼Œå¼ºå…‰æŠ•å°„到胶片上时，é€è¿‡èƒ¶ç‰‡ä¹³å‰‚ä¸åœ¨ç‰‡åŸºè¡¨é¢è¿›è¡Œå射，从而招致使åƒå‘晕，称æ¤ä¸ºå…‰æ™•ã€‚为防æ¢è¿™ç§çŽ°è±¡å‘生，有时在片基和乳剂层之间涂上ç€è‰²å±‚，显影时å¯åŽ»æŽ‰ï¼Œæˆ–是在胶片片基上涂上ç°è‰²ï¼Œç§°æ¤ä¸ºé˜²å…‰æ™•å±‚。
光泽gloss
表示相纸表é¢æ‰‹å·¥è‰ºæœ¯è¯ã€‚多用于较薄的相纸。对涂塑相纸以外的光泽度高的粗纸，通常进行上光干燥。
X光照相X-ray photography
åˆç§°X射线照相。利用X光对物体的é€å°„æ€§ä¼˜è¶Šè¿™ä¸€ç‚¹ï¼Œå°†å›¾è±¡è®°å½•åœ¨ç…§ç‰‡ä¸Šï¼Œæ ¹æ®ä½¿ç”¨ç›®çš„å’ŒX光能é‡çš„ä¸åŒï¼Œæœ‰ä¾›è¯Šæ–医疗用的X光照相，éžç ´å检查ç‰çš„工业X光照相，å¦æ ¡æ•™è‚²ç”¨çš„软x光照ç¯ç‰ã€‚
X光照相机X-ray camera
记录Xå…‰åƒçš„照相机，直接æ‹æ‘„用的属暗箱之一ç§ã€‚间接æ‹æ‘„用照相机，å¯ç”¨å¤§å£å¾„镜头将è¤å…‰æ¿ä¸Šçš„Xå…‰åƒç‰¹å†™ä¸‹æ¥ã€‚总之，它是和X光诊æ–装置构æˆä¸€ä½“。
光轴optical axis
通过镜头ä¸å¿ƒçš„线。
å…‰å¦æ˜¾å¾®æ‘„å½±optical photomicrography
å³æ˜¾å¾®æ‘„影电å显微摄影而用的术è¯ã€‚由物镜（å€çŽ‡2-100å€ï¼‰å’Œç›®é•œï¼ˆ5-15å€ï¼‰çš„组åˆï¼Œè‹¥ç”¨35毫米照相机，å¯åœ¨èƒ¶ç‰‡ä¸Šæ‹æˆ5-800å€ã€‚若为å…寸片，能æ‹å‡º20-3000å€çš„照片，但光å¦æ˜¾å¾®é•œå€çŽ‡é™åº¦çº¦ä¸º1200å€ã€‚若超出æ¤é™åº¦è¿›è¡Œæ‰©å°ï¼Œæ— 法获得清晰的åƒã€‚
广告摄影advertising photography
与商业摄影范围相åŒçš„摄影。
广角镜头wide-angle lens
系视角范围为60度以上的镜头。若为35æ¯«ç±³è§„æ ¼ï¼Œ35毫米ã€28毫米ã€24毫米镜头，若为6＊6è§„æ ¼ï¼Œ50毫米以下是广角镜头。35æ¯«ç±³è§„æ ¼ï¼Œ20毫米以下称超广角镜头。若为å•é•œç”Ÿäº§å光用的镜头，属于åè¿œè·ç„¦ç‚¹å¼ã€‚ä¸Žæ ‡å‡†é•œå¤´ç›¸æ¯”ï¼Œæ™¯æ·±å¤§å’Œè¿œè¿‘æ„Ÿå¾—åˆ°å¤¸å¼ ï¼Œæ˜¯å…¶ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚å½“å®¤å†…å»ºç‘物和人物照片ç‰ï¼Œéƒ½éœ€ä½œåŒæ ·çš„注æ„。针对å•é•œå¤´å光照相机，用åå‘圈在逆方å‘上装好皮腔时，对å€çŽ‡å¤§çš„特写å´æ˜¯æ–¹ä¾¿çš„。
轨迹摄影locus photography
宇宙摄影之一，将摄影机固定在三脚架上，作30分钟到数å°æ—¶çš„æ›å…‰ï¼Œä»Žè€Œè®°å½•æ˜Ÿé™…借助日周è¿åŠ¨çš„轨迹，在摄影机é¢å‘çš„æ–¹å‘，é å¢žæ·»åœ°ä¸Šçš„æ ‘æœ¨ã€å»ºç‘物ç‰ï¼Œä½¿ç”»é¢å˜å¾—生动有趣。在宇宙摄影方é¢ç§°è¿™ç§æ‹æ‘„方法为é™æ¢æ‘„影或固定摄影，使用任何一ç§æ‘„影机。虽然è°éƒ½ä¼šæ‹æ‘„，但在都市区域，ä½å®…和商店的明亮度ä¸æ˜“摄入天空。
Large professional PCB manufacturer in Shenzhen,mainly produce 1-20 layers high precision rigid pcb,and serve the designing,researching and developing.producing and selling for printed circuit boards.
PCB, also known as printed circuit board, is an important electronic component, a support for Electronic Components, and a carrier for electrical interconnection of electronic components.
PCB Board,PCB Factory,PCB Manufacturing Company,Circuit Board Manufacturer,Electronic Service Manufacturer
Huizhou Liandajin Electronic Co., Ltd , https://www.ldjcircuitboard.com