Lithium Ion Capacitors Six Trends Lithium Ion Capacitors As a new type of high-end power supply components, although not a long time ago, the development momentum is rapid, the application field is expanding, and the market demand continues to grow. Its development trend is mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Lithium-Ion Capacitors are derivatives of electric double-layer capacitors. Their performance is even better. In the future, they will form competitive alternatives with supercapacitors, and the prospects are bright.
2. Lithium-ion capacitor research and development are mainly concentrated in foreign countries, especially Japan, and have formed several companies that are capable of industrialization. The application market will first start abroad.
3. The overall R&D of China's lithium-ion capacitors is lagging behind, with fewer participating R&D units and a long-term road to industrialization. It is precisely because of the small number of R&D units and the low degree of concern that preemptive starters have more opportunities. If domestic enterprises can introduce the existing domestic and foreign mature technological achievements and industrialize them, they will obtain first-mover advantage.
4. Double layer capacitors are currently emerging as new type of energy storage devices in China, and it is not realistic for lithium ion capacitors to replace them in the short term.
5. Lithium-ion capacitors have a wide range of applications, especially in emerging energy fields such as wind power generation, solar street lighting, and electric vehicles. Due to the environmental characteristics of lithium ion capacitors, if combined with these industries, it will form an effective carrier for China's green energy.
6. According to the development of supercapacitors, it is expected that the industrialization of lithium ion capacitors in the international market will start in 2011, and the domestic market will start to lag 3-5 years.
Lithium Ion Capacitor (LIC) is a new type of power element that has been introduced in the new century with a much higher energy density than an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC), and has broad prospects for development. Lithium-ion capacitors use the principle of an electric double-layer capacitor in design. In the structure, a combination of a negative electrode material of a lithium ion rechargeable battery (LIB) and a positive electrode material of an electric double layer capacitor is used, and lithium ions are added to the negative electrode at the same time. This greatly increases the energy density of the capacitor. The development of global lithium-ion capacitors began in the early 21st century. In 2005, it was productized and mass production began in 2008. Asahi Kasei Electronics, ACT, NEC, JM Energy, and Sun Yutse Electric are developing lithium-ion capacitor products. It is expected that the scale will be formed in 2013 and it will be popularized by 2020.
Step by step toward practicality • It is expected that Lithium Ion Capacitors will be officially industrialized from 2010 to 2011.
• Lithium-ion capacitors are gradually replacing electric double-layer capacitors in some special fields such as wind power generation, street lamp batteries, and power generation and industrial equipment.
According to market research companies, the current market size of world super capacitors is about 3 billion yuan. As a new type of supercapacitor, lithium ion capacitors are expected to be officially industrialized from 2010 to 2011. The market scale will reach 600 million yuan in 2020, and the annual shipment volume will reach 40 million units.
Lithium-ion capacitors are gradually replacing electric double-layer capacitors in some special fields: First, in the field of wind power generation. Japan's ZEPHYR company has installed lithium ion capacitor modules in 21 small-scale wind power generation equipment used in offshore natural gas field equipment (drilling platforms) along the coast of Fukushima Prefecture. The capacitor module is installed between the windmill and the inverter. When the wind gradually becomes larger, it can absorb the power generation and act as a buffer memory. When the power generation abruptly stops, the power stored in the capacitor can be used to smoothly Supply power to the inverter. The second is in the field of street lamp batteries. L-Kougen has developed street lamps that incorporate LED lighting, solar panels, and lithium-ion capacitors. The company's trial products were tested in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. The results show that this street light is not only maintenance-free for a long time, but also lighter in weight, so it can be easily installed on existing lighting fixtures. The third is in the field of power generation and industrial equipment. Lithium-ion capacitor manufacturers all plan to use lithium-ion capacitors as storage devices for peak current auxiliary devices and regenerative power supplies in applications such as uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS) and construction elevators. If a capacitor is used to assist the peak current, the overall system can be miniaturized by the reduction in the size of the main power supply, so that the lithium ion capacitor can be used as an auxiliary power source in construction machinery and industrial robots. Lithium ion capacitors are also being considered as backup power sources for automotive and electronic control equipment.
New products continue to be introduced • Composite lithium-ion capacitors achieve approximately 3 times the energy density compared to electric double layer capacitors.
• The new hybrid water-based lithium-ion capacitor is expected to be the most suitable auxiliary power source for fuel cell vehicles and the power source for short-range electric vehicles.
As lithium ion capacitor manufacturing technology continues to improve, lithium ion capacitors with new features and new features continue to emerge.
First, fast charge lithium ion capacitor.
The new lithium-ion capacitor developed by Japan's Taiyo Electric Co., Ltd. can be charged in just 30 seconds, and its advantages of being fully charged quickly will allow it to have great potential for application in many fields. For example, a lithium-ion capacitor that can be fully charged in 30 seconds can drive an electric shaver for about 5 minutes to ease the immediate needs of office workers.
At present, lithium ion capacitors are mainly used as power sources for various small toys and measuring instruments. They can also be used as storage power sources in conjunction with solar cells or generators. People's daily movement can cause lithium ions to move between the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion capacitor, so that the lithium ion capacitor is continuously charged and discharged. In the future, if a music player uses such a lithium-ion capacitor, people can listen to music while exercising without using any other power source.
Second, high temperature lithium ion capacitor.
FDK Corporation of Japan exhibited the lithium ion capacitor "EneCapTen" under development in April 2007. The capacitors developed by FDK this time are characterized by high temperature load characteristics and low self-discharge. In terms of high temperature load characteristics, by setting the maximum voltage in a 60° C. environment to 3.6 V, the capacity will hardly decrease even if it exceeds 4000 hours. In terms of self-discharge, the self-discharge characteristics are improved, and even if it exceeds 4,000 hours, the voltage hardly decreases, which was difficult to achieve in the prior art double-layer capacitors.
Third, the composite lithium ion capacitor.
In March 2009, the Graduate School of Tokyo A&M University announced that it has developed a negative-electrode lithium-ion capacitor that is a composite of carbon nanofibers (CNF) and LTO. Compared with conventional double-layer capacitors using activated carbon. About 3 times the energy density is achieved. Its greatest feature is that although the use of LTO with a content of up to 80% to 85%, the electronic conduction path is still ensured. Therefore, even when discharged at high rates, the capacitor maintenance rate is still quite high.
Fourth, high specific energy, high power, long life, low cost new hybrid water-based lithium ion capacitors.
Fudan University invented a new type of “rocking chair†hybrid capacitor system for water systems. The negative electrode uses activated carbon, and the positive electrode uses spinel-type lithium manganate (now the cathode material for power lithium ion batteries) and aqueous electrolytes. It has the characteristics of high specific energy, high power, long life, low cost and high security. The overall performance exceeds any existing capacitor, including the AC/Ni(OH)2 system. Because its production process is basically the same as AC/Ni(OH)2, and low-cost lithium manganate is used, the production cost will be greatly reduced and huge economic benefits will be brought. In addition, because it is expected to be the most suitable auxiliary power source for fuel cell vehicles, the power source for short-range electric vehicles, and the direct use of solar natural energy from a hybrid energy storage system composed of solar cells, it has broad application prospects.
Fifth, high energy density, large capacity, small-sized lithium ion capacitors.
Japanese companies that dominate the market for capacitors and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries are also leading the industry in lithium ion capacitor development. JMEnergy Company took the lead in constructing a special factory. By the end of 2008, it had begun commercial production with a capacity of 300,000 units per month. At the same time, ACT Corporation of Japan also introduced Premlis products with an energy density of more than 40Wh/L, and has been used as an auxiliary power storage device in uninterrupted power systems and power generation equipment. Japan's NEC Dongjin Corporation released a trial product with an electrostatic capacity of 1000F. FDK Corporation of Japan is committed to the development of module control circuits that can eliminate unit deviations to extend the service life. Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. has developed a large cylindrical unit with an electrostatic capacity of 900F and a diameter of 40mm, which is suitable for automotive and industrial applications. Zhaorong Electronics is developing small cylindrical products for small devices and home appliances.
The market is promising. • Excessive prices for lithium-ion capacitors have hindered the adoption of applications. It is necessary to reduce prices.
• Large-capacity capacitors are used in a large number as auxiliary and backup power supplies generated in conjunction with electronics in automobiles, power generation equalization devices in natural energy power generation such as solar power generation, and the like.
Although lithium-ion capacitors have some attractive value-added advantages due to their advantages of miniaturization, on the one hand, their slightly too high prices have hindered the popularization of applications. When the overall market capacity is limited, it is particularly necessary to reduce prices; on the other hand, The price of double-layer capacitors in its competitive products is declining. According to investigations, according to the calculation of the electrostatic capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor, the current price is 3.3 yen/F, and it is expected to fall to 1.24 yen/F in 2020. At present, the price of lithium ion capacitors is about 5 yen/F, and it will take some time to reach the price level equivalent to that of electric double layer capacitors. However, all manufacturers believe that as long as the official mass production, the price can be equal to the double layer capacitors.
In mass production, materials are very important to ensure the stability of battery quality. In this regard, double-layer capacitor manufacturers have also been working hard, and lithium-ion capacitors have also been able to catch up overnight. It seems that there will be a gap between the two.
In the LIC market, there are eight Japanese companies planning to participate, and it is expected that the mass production system will be further improved in the future. European automotive manufacturers are also actively taking measures and expect that demand will be released in 2012-2013. However, Yano's economic analysis believes that both the LIC and the original electric double layer capacitors will be tested in the future for their characteristics and pricing.
In addition, experts also predict that large-capacity capacitors will be used in large quantities as auxiliary and backup power sources for electronic vehicles in automobiles, power generation leveling devices for natural energy power generation such as solar power generation, and instantaneous voltage drop compensation devices and uninterruptible power supplies. The use of equipment (UPS) and the storage of railway renewable energy is also worth looking forward to, and it can also be used as a power source for various emergency power sources and small portable devices.
Due to the good reusability of the LIC, the trouble of replacement and maintenance is reduced, and it is expected to be applied to outdoor renewable energy storage systems.
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