Lithium core electric protection circuit diagram and working principle - Power Circuit

As shown in Figure 1, the cell protection circuit is mainly composed of R5402 and HAT2027. In addition, the self-recovering fuse serves as the last layer of protection.

The R5402 is a high precision, CMOS-based lithium battery voltage protection chip. The HAT2027 is a dual MOS product with adjustable current flow direction.

When charging, the battery voltage rises from low to high. When the battery voltage is greater than 4.25V, the state of charge is latched, the pin COUT will jump from high level to low level, and the HAT2027 built-in diode will play a one-way conduction. The current direction can only be from 1 to 3 feet, and the charging power supply cannot continue to charge the lithium core. If the charging power source continues to be loaded on both ends of the lithium battery pack, even if the lithium core voltage is below 4.25V, the overcharge latching state of the R5402 will not be released. This ensures that the battery pack can be latched in an overcharged state after continuous charge saturation, and the isolated charging power source continuously charges the high energy battery pack. Only when overcharge, disconnect the charging power, the overcharge latch state will be released, COUT will be changed to high level, the 1 and 3 pins of HAT2027 will be double-conducted at this time, and the lithium core can work normally.

When discharging, the battery voltage drops. When it is less than 2.3V, the discharge state is latched, the output of the pin DOUT jumps from the high level to the low level, and the HAT2027 built-in diode acts as a one-way conduction. The current direction can only be from 3 feet to 1 foot, and the lithium battery pack cannot continue to discharge the load. If the charging power is not connected, even if the lithium core voltage is higher than the maximum value of the overdischarge voltage, the discharge latch state will not be released, which ensures that the battery pack can discharge after a long time and the voltage drops to 2.3V. Latched in an over-discharged state, the isolated low-energy battery pack continues to discharge. Only when over-discharge, when the charging power supply is connected and the lithium-ion voltage starts to be higher than the over-discharge voltage, the over-discharge latch state will be released, and the voltage of the pin DOUT will be changed to the high level again, 1, 3 of HAT2027. The pin is double-conducting, and the lithium core can work both in the discharge state and in the charging state.

When the lithium core is short-circuited, D. , jump to low level. At this time, the lithium core cannot be discharged under the control of HAT2027, and functions as a lithium core. At the same time, the self-recovery fuse will be thermally expanded due to the large current of the short circuit, and the circuit is cut off, which serves as the last layer of protection. When the short circuit fault is removed, the white recovery fuse is restored, and the R5402 checker is released, D. ,, resumes high level.

The circuit also adds a "sleep" function. When the circuit is operating in an over-discharge state, the supplemental current will remain at a very low value, thereby stopping the operation of the internal circuit, so that the low-energy lithium core will not continue to consume energy by the R5402 and the system's downstream circuit. The circuit also has an instantaneous monitoring function. Take a voltage from the negative pole of the lithium core to the V pin of the R5402. The delay of the built-in detector can be reduced by about 1/57 second. Therefore, the battery capacity transient state can be monitored.

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