LED lighting development faces bottlenecks

What technology is most impressive at the Shanghai World Expo? I believe many people's answers are LEDs. The total area of ​​the riverside display at the opening ceremony of the Expo is nearly 9,000 square meters. It is currently the world's largest outdoor LED display; the Expo Park is the world's largest LED demonstration area: more than 80% of the park's night lighting uses LED, and the LED display is The large-scale application of the venues in the park is unprecedented. It is understood that the entire World Expo used 1.03 billion LED chips. Professor Hao Luxi of Tongji University, who is responsible for the overall planning of the night lighting of the Expo site, said: "They jointly lit up the Shanghai World Expo."

Many industry experts believe that in view of the rapid development of the LED industry in recent years, coupled with the demonstration effect of the World Expo, 2010 can be called the "first year of LED lighting industry." Then, is the prospect of the LED industry really bright? Will it soon enter thousands of households? The reporter visited the LED industry base in Shanghai and interviewed relevant people such as the government, experts, and enterprises to jointly develop the LED industry.

How big is the cake?

It is estimated that China's LED application market will exceed 100 billion yuan this year.

"In the history of lighting technology development, the World Expo has always played an important role as a popularizer." Professor Fang Zhilie from the Analysis and Testing Center of Fudan University introduced that the incandescent lamp invented by Edison in the Paris World Expo in 1889 decorated the Eiffel Tower and promoted the incandescent The rapid spread of lamps; the first practical fluorescent lamp was exhibited at the World Expo in New York and Los Angeles in 1939. Since then, the efficiency of fluorescent lamps has been gradually improved and applied on a large scale; the Shanghai World Expo will also contribute to the coming of the LED lighting era.

"The same power consumption, the total amount of LED lamps is 10 times that of incandescent lamps, 1.5 times that of fluorescent lamps. With the continuous improvement of technology, there is still much room for growth in LED luminous efficiency. The theoretical use of LED lighting The life span is 100,000 hours, which is 10 times that of fluorescent lamps and 100 times that of incandescent lamps. Moreover, LED lighting has successfully solved the problem of mercury pollution, and it is a light source that is both energy-saving and clean," said experts.

As one of the pioneers of China's semiconductor lighting industry, Fang Zhilie, who has been involved in this field in the 1970s, is now very gratified. "Since the origin of semiconductor light-emitting technology in 1962, the luminous efficiency of LED has increased by more than 1,000 times. From the use of computers and military, to indicators, screen displays, to traffic lights, backlights, etc., it has been recognized as the most promising third-generation lighting source in the world, and is the most promising high-tech in the 21st century. One of the areas."

In 1999, Japan began to implement the "Lighting in the 21st Century" program with a budget of 6 billion yen. The United States began to launch the "National Semiconductor Lighting Research Program" in 2000. It cost US$500 million from 2000 to 2010; the EU, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Taiwan's Taiwan region has successively launched semiconductor lighting plans. In 2009, despite the financial crisis, the scale of China's LED application market has risen against the trend, with an overall growth of more than 30% and an output value of 60 billion yuan. Among them, landscape decorative lighting is the largest application field of LED in China, accounting for 23%, and the display is the second largest application field, accounting for 20%. The indoor lighting applications such as LED large-size backlight, LED street lamp, LED spotlight, etc. are developing rapidly. .

Then, how big is the application market of China's LED industry this year? According to Shanghai Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Technology Research Center, the overall scale will reach more than 100 billion yuan. Among them, the LED backlight market will reach 20 billion yuan, surpassing landscape decoration and become the largest application field of LED in China. Driven by the pilot project of semiconductor lighting application (“Ten Cities and Ten Thousand Miles”) launched in 2008, the market demand for LED street lamps will reach 1.4 million 今年 this year. It is expected that demand will reach 2.5 million 明年 next year, accounting for more than 50% of global LED street lamps.

Fang Zhilie told reporters: "China's LED industry has achieved four world firsts: LED full color screen, LED traffic signal lights, solar LED lights and LED landscape lighting production are the world's first. Next, when it is LED general lighting The launch of the field."

However, in a good voice, the development bottleneck of the LED industry can not be avoided.

Where is the development bottleneck?

Lack of core technology, standards are not perfect, and costs are high

There is a data that may explain the problem: As the world's largest producer of lighting products, China's annual lighting products exceed half of the world's total, but the total output value is less than 10% of the world's total. The LED lighting industry chain is very long, including upstream substrate materials, equipment and epitaxial growth, midstream chip manufacturing, downstream LED packaging and application product production. It can be said that China's LED lighting is still concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the international industrial chain. Regardless of materials, equipment, chips, packaging technology, and application technology, no real breakthrough has been achieved.

Hao Luoxi told reporters: "The technological innovation in the field of LED in China is still weak. The manufacture of luminescent materials and the manufacture of luminescent chips are the two core technologies that must be mastered in the development of the LED industry. However, in this respect, the advantages of foreign giants are obvious. In the hands of several foreign companies, such as CREE, Osram, etc., China's key equipment for LED epitaxy and chip manufacturing relies on imports, which will become the soft point of restricting the development of China's semiconductor lighting industry, affecting the market competitiveness of independent brands. At the same time, China LED lighting enterprises Still in a state of large quantity and small scale, there has been a low level of repeated construction."

In this regard, in October 2009, the “Opinions on the Development of Semiconductor Lighting Energy-Saving Industry” jointly issued by the six ministries and commissions of the country clearly stated the goal: by 2015, the independent innovation capability of enterprises will be significantly enhanced, and 3-5 upstream large-scale production enterprises will be concentrated; The degree has been significantly improved, and there are about 10 leading enterprises with independent brands and large market influence.

Hao Luoxi also said that China has just recently introduced two standards for LED detection methods and modules: one is the "Measurement Method for Integrated LED Street Lights" implemented on September 1, 2009, and the other is May 1, 2010. The "Test Method for LED Modules for General Lighting" implemented by Japan. Currently, there are 6 related LED standards. However, for the extension of the front end of the LED industry, chips, etc., no relevant standards have been issued so far, which has caused confusion in production to some extent.

So, can LED lighting quickly enter thousands of households? In this regard, experts generally believe that LED lighting into the ordinary family is the general trend, but it will take time. A key issue is that the cost is still relatively high. Compared with ordinary energy-saving lamps (compact fluorescent lamps), the current price is much higher, and technologies such as heat dissipation and light efficiency need to be further matured.

Dr. Yang Weiqiao, Assistant Director of Shanghai Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Technology Research Center believes that the manufacturing cost of LED lamps is relatively high, mainly due to the cumbersome manufacturing steps and high requirements for equipment. The cost of chips generally accounts for 30% to 40% of the manufacturing cost; According to the cost of use, LED functional lighting can save more than 40% energy than ordinary fluorescent lamps; from the perspective of maintenance costs, LEDs have a long life. At present, from the field of road lighting, compared with traditional energy-saving lamps, LED lights will reach the break-even point in 3-5 years. More than this time, LED lights are more economical. “With the continuous maturity of LED technology, production scale and standardization After that, you can really reduce costs."

"The demand for LED technology is very large." Yang Weiqiao said, "Cultivating localized talents is also an inevitable way to promote industrial development."

What is the advantage of Shanghai?

Strong research and development capabilities, good industrial base, and broad market

The Shanghai·Ecology Home Case Museum of the World Expo Best Practice Area is the only exhibition hall in the Expo Park that uses LED light sources for indoor and outdoor lighting: intelligent dimming and coloring LED lights, LED lighting bookshelves, and LED wall surfaces. The screen, LED illuminating glass and the light-filling of plants, etc., explain the new ecological living concept of “focusing on environmental protection and energy conservation, and advocating a happy life”. The lighting project is mainly undertaken by Shanghai Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Technology Research Center and other units.

In the LED Life Experience Pavilion of the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Shanghai Industrialization Base, the reporter saw more innovations in LED: LED refrigerator freezer, through the built-in LED light wave generating device, continuously releasing light waves of specific wavelengths for photosynthesis of fruits and vegetables. Provide the necessary conditions; LED faucet, can use water to generate electricity, turn on the faucet will activate the LED light on the faucet, this ultraviolet light has a sterilization filter function, which can further purify the water; LED mosquito lamp, traps mosquitoes with LED light of specific wavelength, Non-toxic and tasteless... The future LED lighting will be integrated with architecture and home.

As a city that initially formed the prototype of the LED industry in the 1990s, in 2004, the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Shanghai Industrialization Base was formally established. Today, the characteristics and advantages of the Shanghai LED industry? Guo Yansheng, director of the High-tech Industrialization Division of the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, said: "The LED industry in Shanghai is not large in scale, but it is characterized by high-end applications, many technical talents and a broad market. For the characteristics."

According to the latest data, there are 424 related units engaged in the LED industry in Shanghai, including 19 research institutes and 405 enterprises and institutions. In 2009, Shanghai LED output value reached 10 billion yuan. Since 1995, Shanghai has applied for 1096 invention patents and utility model patents in the field of LED semiconductor lighting, participated in the formulation of more than 100 relevant national standards, and established the Shanghai Semiconductor Lighting Patent Alliance.

“It is said that Shanghai LED industry has strong R&D capability because we have a group of high-end R&D talents.” Guo Yansheng introduced 19 research institutions including Fudan University, Tongji University, Shanghai University, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics, and National Optical Instrument Quality Inspection Center. There are LED-related professional R&D teams, and the high-end talents who return to Shanghai to study abroad are also outstanding.

At the same time, Shanghai LED industry has a sound development foundation and established a public R&D and service platform. “Although the whole industry chain is strong and weak, there are leading companies in every link: there are upstream enterprises such as Shanghai Blu-ray and Sapphire, as well as Shanghai Yaming, Sansi, Guangmaoda, etc., as well as Philip, GE and other well-known at home and abroad. Application enterprises, and supported by a complete industrial system.

Through the integration of technical resources, seven testing sub-centers have been established throughout the city. "In the event of the Expo, the semiconductor lighting industry incubator in Shanghai was established in March 2009. Li Manping, chairman of the incubator, said: "Enterprises and enterprises, experts and users need to build platforms to find efficient and quick solutions to problems. Incubators are working There are more than 20 companies cultivated. ”

The broad application market is also an important reason for many industry insiders to be optimistic about the development of Shanghai LED. It is estimated that the total LED cost in the entire Expo Park is about 500-700 million; the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel also uses LED tunnel lights for the first time, which is more than 30% more energy efficient than traditional light sources. It is estimated that the LED LED landscape lighting application market in Shanghai will reach 2-30 billion yuan in 2015, and the street lighting market will reach 5-8 billion yuan. It also has a huge potential market in high-end applications such as backlight, large aircraft and aerospace lighting.

During the interview, many local LED business leaders also made suggestions for corporate financing difficulties: “Guiding various venture capital and venture capital funds to jointly build Shanghai LED industry development fund; and formulating financial subsidies for Shanghai LED lighting products promotion. To accelerate the promotion and application of semiconductor lighting products."

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