The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" is a crucial period for the transformation and upgrading of "Made in China" to "China's Zhi Zhi", and it is urgently necessary to promote the industrial transformation and upgrading with the "Internet Plus" as the focus. Grasping the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†and arranging “China's Ingenuity†can not only provide an effective path to resolve excess production capacity, but also gain an opportunity in the new round of industrial revolution and lay a solid foundation for high-income countries. From “manufacturing†to “intellectual building†China is ushering in the window period of industrial transition The “13th Five-year Plan†(2016-2020) is an important “window period†for China's economic transformation and upgrading. How to plan well and grasp this "window period" and lay the foundation for future fair and sustainable growth, and it is related to the success or failure of transformation and upgrading and the effect of deepening reforms. Recently, the China (Hainan) Institute of Reform and Development launched the core achievement of this year, the “Transformation Choice†research report, which systematically addresses the issues, challenges, development trends and countermeasures facing the Chinese economy in the process of transformation and upgrading from 2015 to 2020. Explore. This edition specializes in the "Transformation Options" column, which has been published successively for reference. ■The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" is the key five years for China to move from the middle to the late industrialization to the late stage of industrialization. During this period, China's industry will meet the history of the global "Industrial Revolution 3.0". The essence of "Industrial Revolution 3.0" is the organic combination of new energy and the Internet. The organic integration of the “13th Five-Year Plan†new energy and the Internet will create important conditions for the popularization of new energy such as solar energy and the gradual replacement of traditional fossil energy, which will profoundly change China’s production methods and lifestyles and profoundly change China’s industrial landscape. 
â– In the industrial revolution in which new energy and the Internet are combined, the scale advantages of the Internet will greatly reduce the average cost of new energy use, which will create a unique market advantage. According to reports, global Internet users are expected to surpass the 3 billion mark in 2015, and the number of Chinese Internet users in 2018 will exceed 750 million. It can be said that the scale and speed of development of China’s Internet are unique globally. By 2020, China is expected to become the leader in the global energy Internet revolution. â– The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†is also a crucial period for the transformation and upgrading of “Made in China†to “China's Zhi Zhiâ€. There is an urgent need to promote industrial transformation and upgrading with the “Internet Plus†as the focus. This needs to establish the basic goal of promoting the integration of industry and service industry, substantially increase the level of development of the producer service industry, and promote manufacturing informatization, service, and globalization. Grasping the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†and arranging “China's Ingenuity†can not only provide an effective path to resolve excess production capacity, but also gain an opportunity in the new round of industrial revolution and lay a solid foundation for high-income countries. â–¡ China (Hainan) Research Institute of Reform and Development The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†is the key five years for China to move from the middle to the late industrialization to the late industrialization. At present, the developed countries have begun to worry about, and the world has entered the "industrial revolution 3.0" era and the "industrial revolution 4.0" era. It is worth noting that, unlike in the past two industrial revolutions, China, as a large country with a population of 1.3 billion and the world’s largest emerging economy, emerged as an active participant and promoter. Grasping the major opportunity of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and accelerating the formation of a new pattern from “Made in China†to “Made in Chinaâ€, China is expected to complete the upgrade from “Industrial Revolution 2.0†to “Industrial Revolution 3.0†by 2020, and Lay an important foundation for the "Industrial Revolution 4.0". Grasping the general trend of industrial transformation and upgrading Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, with modern information technology and Internet technology as the main support, China has begun to present the general trend of industrial transformation and upgrading. This major trend is highlighted by the three major revolutions: the energy internet revolution, the digital revolution in manufacturing, and the revolution in manufacturing service. 1. The general trend of the energy internet revolution (1) The historical convergence of China's industrialization and the global "industrial revolution 3.0" has converged. Since the international financial crisis in 2008, major European and American developed countries have proposed the concept of "Industrial Revolution 3.0" and used it as the basis for re-industrialization. If the "Industrial Revolution 1.0" (1760 - 1860) was the steam engine era, "Industrial Revolution 2.0" (1860-1950) was the age of electrification, and the essence of the "Industrial Revolution 3.0" was the organic combination of new energy and the Internet. The organic integration of the “13th Five-Year Plan†new energy and the Internet will create important conditions for the popularization of new energy such as solar energy and the gradual replacement of traditional fossil energy, which will profoundly change China’s production methods and lifestyles and profoundly change China’s industrial landscape. (2) China has initially formed some comparative advantages in the energy Internet revolution. At present, China has become the largest producer of solar PV, and will become the world's largest market for new energy vehicles. For a long time, the competitiveness of new energy industry in a country has been measured by the new energy industry trade competition index. In this evaluation, Denmark ranked first with a score of 0.83, followed by China (0.3), Germany (0.29), Spain (0.28), Sweden (0.28) and South Korea (0.22). Bit. (3) 2020: China is expected to become the leader in the global energy Internet revolution. In the industrial revolution in which new energy and the Internet are combined, the scale advantages of the Internet will greatly reduce the average cost of new energy use, and thus will create a unique market advantage. According to the British "Financial Times" report, global Internet users are expected to surpass the 3 billion mark in 2015, and the number of Chinese Internet users will exceed 750 million in 2018. It can be said that the scale and speed of development of China’s Internet are unique globally. 2. The general trend of the digital revolution in manufacturing (1) The new phase of the digital revolution in manufacturing. In April 2013, the “Industrial Revolution 4.0†proposed by Germany was characterized by the digitization of manufacturing. The "re-industrialization" strategy that the United States and the European Union have successively proposed is characterized by the emphasis on the digitization of manufacturing to develop high-end manufacturing. (2) China has become the world's largest production base for electronic information products and the world's most growth market for information consumption. Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu and Jingdong have entered the top 10 global Internet companies. In 2014, Alibaba was listed in the United States and became one of the largest IPO projects in the United States, becoming the world’s largest mobile e-commerce company and the world’s second-largest Internet company. In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China will not only not miss the "Industry Revolution 4.0", but it may also become the most important promoter. (3) The digitalization potential of China's manufacturing industry is huge. In 2011, China successfully developed the world's largest 3D printer. In 2013, China sold more than 37,000 industrial robots to Japan and became the world’s largest industrial robot market. In the first three quarters of 2014, the sales of domestic industrial robots continued to grow at a rapid rate, reaching 33,600 units, an increase of 32.5% year-on-year, and it is expected to reach 45,000 units in the year. 3. The general trend of the service-oriented revolution in manufacturing (1) The move toward the ranks of high-income countries requires accelerating the development of manufacturing services. The reason why the developed countries in Europe and the United States have been able to obtain high profits in the manufacturing chain is that they have occupied high value-added links through the service of manufacturing. The two "70%" that are common in developed countries in Europe and America, that is, the value added of the service industry accounts for 70% of the GDP, and the producer service industry accounts for 70% of the total service industry, which is mainly based on the service of the manufacturing industry. (2) "Industrial Revolution 3.0" depends on producer services. Take the popularization of solar photovoltaics to households as an example. The most important thing is not the manufacturing process of solar PV itself, but the service sector. Whether or not it can strengthen R&D and sales through the development of modern service industries with a focus on high-tech services, and reduce transaction costs, so that household surplus power generation can be sold in a timely manner. This is a core problem for solar photovoltaics to reach the family. (3) "Industrial Revolution 4.0" depends on producer services. The most important thing for the realization of "Industrial Revolution 4.0" is the development of an information service industry that focuses on big data to form a self-disciplined intelligent production system, and promote the production methods from large-scale homogenous and extensive production to flexibility, intelligence, and digitization. Refined transformation. Addressing the challenges of the era of industrial transformation and upgrading In 2010, China's manufacturing output accounted for 19.8% of the world's total output, surpassing the United States as the world's largest manufacturing country. But overall, China’s industrial system was established in accordance with the “industrial revolution 2.0†era model. Under the specific background of the rise of a new round of industrial revolution in the world and the increasing pressure on domestic resources and environment, the traditional industrial model of our country is not sustainable. Contradictions have become increasingly prominent. 1. Reshaping New Competitive Advantages in Manufacturing Industry (1) The adjustment of global industrial chains and the intensification of high-end manufacturing competition. The important historical background for China becoming the world's largest manufacturing country is the deindustrialization of developed countries. At present, it is very clear that the major developed countries are trying to regain their manufacturing advantage. The Obama administration clearly proposed that the U.S. economy should have a long-term foundation and that it must revitalize the manufacturing industry. In 2013, the European Union clearly stated that Europe needs to “re-industrialize†to revitalize the European economy and increase its share of the EU's GDP from 15.6% to 20% in 2020. (2) Loss of low-cost advantages relative to emerging economies. According to data from the Deloitte China Competitiveness Survey 2011, the current labor cost in most Southeast Asian countries is about 50% of China's. Judging from the average monthly wages of manufacturing employees, Vietnam is about 1,000 yuan, India is about 600 yuan, and China's eastern coastal area has reached 2,500 to 3,000 yuan. (3) The advantages of low cost relative to developed countries are also weakening. For example, the cost of manufacturing products in China in 2003 was 22% lower than that in the United States on average, but it narrowed to 5.5% by the end of 2008, and it gradually declined after 2008. According to a survey by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the human and energy costs in the United States are much lower than those in Europe and Japan. In 2015, the manufacturing cost in the United States is only 5% higher than in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. 2. Promoting Green Transformation In 2014, the Beijing area witnessed a rare “APEC Blue†for many years. This aspect shows that haze can be managed, but it also reflects the cost of haze governance. China's energy structure still remains at the level of a century ago, and the proportion of coal in primary energy is as high as 67%. China consumes nearly 20% of the world's energy, produces about 12% of GDP, and emits nearly 27% of carbon dioxide. Although China is a major producer of solar energy products, more than 80% of solar energy products are mainly used for exports, and the role of domestic green growth is obviously insufficient. 3. Implementing innovation-driven strategies (1) The core technology is subject to people. For example, in terms of core technology, China’s foreign intellectual property is at least 90% dependent. The dependence of developed countries on foreign intellectual property is generally less than 30%. (2) Lack of world-renowned brands. For example, in 2012, China exported about one billion mobile phones, but 90% of its profits were earned by Apple and Samsung. China's low-cost labor force can only earn 1%. There are no Chinese companies in the 2013 Top 100 Global Brand Rankings published by Interbrand, the world’s largest brand consultancy. (3) The disconnection between production, study and research has not been fundamentally resolved. According to the “National Innovation Index Report 2013†​​issued by the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, China’s R&D funding has grown rapidly over a long period of time. In 2012, it reached 1,029.84 billion yuan, ranking third in the world, and its global share rapidly increased from 1.7% in 2000. 11.7%, but due to the disconnection of production, research, and research, China's scientific and technological achievements conversion rate is only about 10%, far below the level of 40% of developed countries. 4. Upgrading and Upgrading Traditional Industries In the third quarter of 2014, China's capacity utilization rate was only 78.7%, which was the same as that of the previous quarter and a year-on-year decrease of 0.9%, which was the lowest level in the past four years. The scope of overcapacity has spread from traditional industries such as steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, and shipbuilding to strategic emerging industries. As of December 2014, China's industrial producer ex-factory price (PPI) has been declining for consecutive 34 months, which is the longest period for negative growth of PPI since China's reform and opening up. Under the condition of overcapacity, industrial enterprises earn very little profit. For example, in the first three quarters of 2014, the key statistics of iron and steel enterprises accounted for 25% of the cumulative loss, the loss amounted to 8.068 billion yuan, and the sales profit rate was only 0.71%. Achieve the deep integration of industry and service industry The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†is a critical period for the transformation and upgrading of “Made in China†to “China's Zhi Zhiâ€, and it is urgently necessary to promote industrial transformation and upgrading with the “Internet Plus†as the focus. This needs to establish the basic goal of promoting the integration of industry and service industry, substantially increase the level of development of the producer service industry, and promote manufacturing informatization, service, and globalization. 1. Substantially upgrade the level of producer service industry Take the increase in the proportion of producer services as the binding target of the 13th Five-Year Plan. Clearly, the proportion of the producer service industry in the service sector has been raised from 35% to 55%, and the proportion of GDP has been increased from 15% to 30% to 40% as the main constraint target. This has been used as the main criterion for measuring structural adjustment and optimization. In order to effectively implement the development goals of the producer services industry, it is proposed to formulate a special plan for the “13th Five-Year Plan†modern production service industry as soon as possible, and to propose a major task of optimizing the structure of the producer service industry and improving the level of development of the producer service industry. 2. To achieve manufacturing informatization and service-oriented (1) To promote manufacturing upgrade with “Internet +â€. Form a strategic plan for transforming traditional industries, upgrading strategic and emerging industries, and advanced manufacturing industries through information technology, and promoting the wide application of Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing technologies in the industrial field. By 2020, China’s manufacturing industry will basically popularize digital technologies and realize The overall application of CNC technology to mechanical products has been upgraded to a “CNC Generationâ€, which has initially achieved strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing intelligence. (2) To achieve service-oriented manufacturing. We will optimize the structure of the productive service industry, use big data to improve the level of development of information services, R&D, design, logistics, sales, and other productive service industries, and guide enterprises to further break the pattern of “bigger and comprehensive†and “small and completeâ€, and by 2020, A number of industrial parks have been formed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta to guide the gathering of productive service industries, forming a number of high-level flagship enterprises for productive services, and reconstructing traditions with a focus on producer services. The industry has made significant breakthroughs, initially completing the transition from manufacturing to manufacturing and service. 3. Promote the globalization of the manufacturing industry (1) Promote manufacturing to “go global†to emerging economies. Make full use of the low cost advantages of emerging economies to expand the development space of China's manufacturing industry, grasp the important opportunities for the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road Economic Belt, and accelerate the promotion of high-end manufacturing represented by high-speed rail to ASEAN, China The "going out" of the Asian region has enabled China's manufacturing industry to play a major role in the interconnection of infrastructure between China and ASEAN and Central Asia; it has also accelerated the "going out" of Chinese manufacturing industries to the BRICS countries and "going out" to the African region to strengthen the foundation. Investment and cooperation in the field of facilities. (2) Promote the manufacturing industry to “go global†to developed countries. Support domestic advanced manufacturing to European and American developed countries to implement high-level mergers and acquisitions, acquire important brands and technology patents through mergers and acquisitions, achieve internationalization of management and management personnel, obtain localized marketing network, and substantially increase China’s industrial technology level and global value chain. The status. (3) Establish a global industrial chain for China's manufacturing industry. Implement the strategy of transnational corporations and establish a multinational production and marketing network to form the ability of Chinese companies to carry out market integration and allocation of resource elements on a global scale, so as to enhance the ability of Chinese enterprises to operate internationally. By 2020, China's enterprises will obviously increase their position in the global value chain, increasing the number of companies entering the top 500 in the world from 100 in 2014 to about 150 in 2014. 4. "Thirteenth Five-year Plan": Completion of the upgrade from "Industrial Revolution 2.0" to "Industrial Revolution 3.0" (1) The promotion of "Industrial Revolution 3.0" as a fundamental measure to control haze. While popularizing and promoting the establishment of a circular economy system and accelerating the establishment of an environmental protection industry system, the energy structure will be substantially changed. By 2020, a new pattern of green manufacturing will be initially formed, and the development target for achieving a 40% to 45% reduction in unit GDP carbon dioxide emissions from 2005 will be achieved. The share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption will reach about 15%, and clean energy will be used to generate electricity. The proportion increased to 35%. (2) Form a high-end industrial chain in the field of new energy. In the smart grid, new energy vehicles and other fields to form a new international competitive advantage, reaching the international advanced level. By 2020, the supporting service facilities for new energy vehicles will be basically complete, and the scale effect of new energy vehicles in the transportation industry will be formed. The total amount of new energy vehicles in urban public transport, taxis, and urban logistics and distribution will reach 300,000 units. The contribution rate of energy conservation and emission reduction for transportation has reached 20%. (3) Form a new energy and Internet convergence technology system and service system. Accelerate the construction of infrastructure such as charging piles for smart grids and new energy vehicles, and connect the renewable energy, power generation buildings, energy storage technologies, and pluggable electric transportation systems through the Energy Internet to make wind energy, solar energy, and biomass energy work smoothly. Access to the national grid. 5. “Thirteenth Five-Year Planâ€: laying an important foundation for “Industrial Revolution 4.0†(1) Implement innovation-driven development strategy. Promote the organic integration of science and technology, finance, and innovation elements, establish a technology-based innovation system based on enterprises, promote the capitalization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and by 2020, basically form an independent innovation system that is compatible with the “Industry Revolution 3.0â€. Innovation has become an endogenous driving force for economic development. (2) Narrow the gap between strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries and developed countries. Promote the development of strategic emerging industries to high value-added R&D and design, sales and logistics, form high-end industrial clusters, achieve a combination of large-scale “going out†and high-level “introductionâ€, and by 2020, form a batch of core Technology, independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands of strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing. (3) Some industries have reached the international advanced level of "Industrial Revolution 4.0". Make full use of the advantages of having the world's largest Internet users, focusing on organic integration of big data and manufacturing industries to create an upgraded version of the manufacturing industry. By 2020, the traditional manufacturing industry will have achieved initial results in informatization and intelligence, and some industries will achieve an industrial revolution. The international advanced level of 4.0†has formed a number of innovative companies with international advanced level in the fields of 3D printing, new materials and new energy, laying an important foundation for the “Industrial Revolution 4.0â€. Promoting the major tasks of industrial transformation and upgrading Grasping the "13th Five-Year Plan" and laying out "China's Ingenuity" can not only lead to an effective path to resolve excess production capacity, but also win opportunities in the new round of industrial revolution. High-income countries lay a solid foundation. 1. Transforming traditional industries with big data, cloud computing, Internet of things, and mobile Internet (1) Grasping the tremendous business opportunities brought by big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and the mobile Internet. The transformation of traditional industrial models such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and mobile Internet is the focus of the “13th Five-Year Plan†industrial transformation and upgrading, and the implementation of relevant special plans has been implemented. (2) Lead the transformation of traditional industries with the construction of smart cities. Big data, cloud computing, internet of things, and mobile internet are transforming human production and lifestyle. Smart cities are the most important carriers. It is suggested that the construction of smart cities be regarded as the key tasks for the transformation and upgrading of urbanization in the “13th Five-Year Plan†period, and the development plan for smart cities at the national level will be issued, opening up a new phase of industrial transformation and upgrading with the construction of smart cities. (3) Support the mutual penetration of big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, mobile Internet and traditional industries. Enlarging and strengthening the industrial Internet and promoting the integration and interaction between domestic Internet companies and manufacturing enterprises; strengthening the integration of information resources, breaking the situation of “information fragmentation†and “information isolated islands†of traditional industrial enterprises; and forming big data, cloud computing, and materials New advantages of networking, mobile internet and manufacturing. 2. Focusing on the development of new energy and Internet integration to enhance strategic emerging industries (1) The smart grid is the basic platform for the "Industrial Revolution 3.0", and it has an overall role in promoting the "Industrial Revolution 3.0". Whether it is the development of new energy such as wind power or solar power, it needs the support of smart grids. With the support of smart grids, and the further development of new energy generation technologies and large-scale energy storage technologies, wind power, photovoltaic power generation, and distributed power supply can be accessed on a large scale, adapting to changes in supply and demand relationships, and solving intermittent and non- The problem of large-scale utilization of power supplies has been stabilized, so that wind power and solar energy developed and utilized by millions of households have entered the market. It is precisely because of the core position of the smart grid in the "Industrial Revolution 3.0" that Europe and the United States have included the development of smart grids as a national strategy, and will develop smart grids as the most important pillar for the development of emerging economies. (2) Introduce plans for the development of smart grids at the national level. To coordinate the development of new energy such as smart grids and wind power generation, and create conditions for the construction and development of large-scale hydropower, large-scale nuclear power, and large-scale renewable energy power generation bases. We will coordinate the development of smart grids and strategic emerging industries, and guide the healthy development of strategic emerging industries on the basis of the “Industrial Revolution 3.0â€. We will coordinate the construction of the smart grid and the Internet and the Internet of Things, and focus on capturing micro-grid technology to provide a public service platform for the promotion of wind and solar power generation to enter into millions of households. 3. Layout of smart manufacturing based on domestic market demand (1) Deploy smart equipment manufacturing industry with emphasis on the robot industry. In the next 5 to 10 years, the smart manufacturing equipment industry will achieve the goal of an average annual growth rate of 25%. The highlight is the robot industry. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the annual supply of new industrial robots in China will exceed 15,000 units, and the annual growth rate will exceed 50%. As the shortage of low-end labor began to appear, in 2013 China has become the world's largest industrial robot market, and the demand for robotics industry will show an explosive growth. It is estimated that in 2015, the annual supply of domestic industrial robots will exceed 20,000 units, and the quantity will be maintained. Will be more than 130,000 units. (2) Establish the domestic brands of the robot industry as soon as possible. Although China is the largest market for robots worldwide, the major suppliers are developed countries in Europe and America. Europe and Japan are currently the main suppliers of industrial robots. The four companies abb, kuka, fanuc and YASKAWA account for 60% to 80% of the market share in China. We will build the entire industrial chain of robots as the key to the development of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†industry, strengthen basic research, form core technologies, and promote the integration of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain of robots. (3) Promote the wide application of smart wearable devices in the health industry. The integration of big data and manufacturing highlights the emergence of smart wearable devices. As China is becoming the world's largest health industry market, China's wearable devices will also have great vitality. Focusing on medical equipment, it is entirely possible for China to seize the commanding heights of the industry on smart wearable devices. It is recommended to establish an intelligent third-party inspection, testing and certification organization for smart wearable devices as soon as possible, to introduce wearable device certification standards, to assist manufacturers in providing safe and high-quality products to consumers, and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the wearable device industry. (4) Layout of 3D printers focuses on the development of smart manufacturing. 3D printing technology is the most disruptive high-tech technology in the 21st century. 3D printing technology not only can adapt to customized production, but also has a high degree of flexibility, and is an important direction for future industrial development. Form the development goal and technical route of the 3D printing industry, set up a 3D printing industry development fund, carry out systematic overall research on software, processes, materials, equipment, applications, standards, and industrialization of 3D printing, and promote the construction of 3D printing manufacturing technology. A new digital manufacturing system that integrates other advanced manufacturing technologies. 4. To create an upgraded version of the industrial park with innovation as its goal (1) The industrial park is the most important vehicle for implementing innovation drive. In 2013, the total GDP of the two major parks of the Economic Development Zone and the High-tech Zone of the country reached 1,322.7 billion yuan, accounting for nearly one-fourth of the national GDP; the total industrial output value was 3,155.9 billion yuan, which exceeded 1/3 of the national industrial output value. Total taxes turned over amounted to 2197.5 billion yuan, accounting for nearly one-fifth of the taxes paid in the country; total foreign exchange earned through exports amounted to US$819.7 billion, which exceeded 1/3 of the country’s export earnings. Among them, the Top 100 China Economic Development Zone's gross domestic product was 377.187 billion yuan, accounting for 56.2% of the country's economically-expanded areas; the top 100 high-tech industrial production value of the top 100 was 111,194.94 billion yuan, accounting for 73.9% of the country's total high-tech zones. (2) Promote the upgrading of industrial parks with emphasis on the gathering of production service industries. Judging from international experience, the upgrade of industrial parks cannot be separated from the gathering of producer services. Whether it is the Silicon Valley in the United States or Zhongguancun in China, the reason why they can become the “engines†to lead industrial innovation is because of their formation. R & D and design and other productive service industry gathering areas. Adjust development ideas, focusing on the development of R&D and design, third-party logistics, financial leasing, information technology services, energy conservation and environmental protection services, inspection and certification, e-commerce, business consulting, service outsourcing and other productive service industries. (3) Make the industrial park an incubator for industrial innovation. The industrial park is the most important carrier for implementing innovation-driven strategies in China. To create an upgraded version of the industrial park with innovation as its goal, it is necessary not only to adjust from the policy level but also to shape the soft environment such as institutional mechanisms, and more importantly to stand on the “industrial The strategic heights of the Revolution 3.0†and “Industrial Revolution 4.0†are to carry out top-level design and repositioning of the original industrial park. To this end, it is recommended that a national-level industrial park transformation and upgrade development plan be introduced as soon as possible to guide the upgrading of various industrial parks.
â– In the industrial revolution in which new energy and the Internet are combined, the scale advantages of the Internet will greatly reduce the average cost of new energy use, which will create a unique market advantage. According to reports, global Internet users are expected to surpass the 3 billion mark in 2015, and the number of Chinese Internet users in 2018 will exceed 750 million. It can be said that the scale and speed of development of China’s Internet are unique globally. By 2020, China is expected to become the leader in the global energy Internet revolution. â– The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†is also a crucial period for the transformation and upgrading of “Made in China†to “China's Zhi Zhiâ€. There is an urgent need to promote industrial transformation and upgrading with the “Internet Plus†as the focus. This needs to establish the basic goal of promoting the integration of industry and service industry, substantially increase the level of development of the producer service industry, and promote manufacturing informatization, service, and globalization. Grasping the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†and arranging “China's Ingenuity†can not only provide an effective path to resolve excess production capacity, but also gain an opportunity in the new round of industrial revolution and lay a solid foundation for high-income countries. â–¡ China (Hainan) Research Institute of Reform and Development The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†is the key five years for China to move from the middle to the late industrialization to the late industrialization. At present, the developed countries have begun to worry about, and the world has entered the "industrial revolution 3.0" era and the "industrial revolution 4.0" era. It is worth noting that, unlike in the past two industrial revolutions, China, as a large country with a population of 1.3 billion and the world’s largest emerging economy, emerged as an active participant and promoter. Grasping the major opportunity of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and accelerating the formation of a new pattern from “Made in China†to “Made in Chinaâ€, China is expected to complete the upgrade from “Industrial Revolution 2.0†to “Industrial Revolution 3.0†by 2020, and Lay an important foundation for the "Industrial Revolution 4.0". Grasping the general trend of industrial transformation and upgrading Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, with modern information technology and Internet technology as the main support, China has begun to present the general trend of industrial transformation and upgrading. This major trend is highlighted by the three major revolutions: the energy internet revolution, the digital revolution in manufacturing, and the revolution in manufacturing service. 1. The general trend of the energy internet revolution (1) The historical convergence of China's industrialization and the global "industrial revolution 3.0" has converged. Since the international financial crisis in 2008, major European and American developed countries have proposed the concept of "Industrial Revolution 3.0" and used it as the basis for re-industrialization. If the "Industrial Revolution 1.0" (1760 - 1860) was the steam engine era, "Industrial Revolution 2.0" (1860-1950) was the age of electrification, and the essence of the "Industrial Revolution 3.0" was the organic combination of new energy and the Internet. The organic integration of the “13th Five-Year Plan†new energy and the Internet will create important conditions for the popularization of new energy such as solar energy and the gradual replacement of traditional fossil energy, which will profoundly change China’s production methods and lifestyles and profoundly change China’s industrial landscape. (2) China has initially formed some comparative advantages in the energy Internet revolution. At present, China has become the largest producer of solar PV, and will become the world's largest market for new energy vehicles. For a long time, the competitiveness of new energy industry in a country has been measured by the new energy industry trade competition index. In this evaluation, Denmark ranked first with a score of 0.83, followed by China (0.3), Germany (0.29), Spain (0.28), Sweden (0.28) and South Korea (0.22). Bit. (3) 2020: China is expected to become the leader in the global energy Internet revolution. In the industrial revolution in which new energy and the Internet are combined, the scale advantages of the Internet will greatly reduce the average cost of new energy use, and thus will create a unique market advantage. According to the British "Financial Times" report, global Internet users are expected to surpass the 3 billion mark in 2015, and the number of Chinese Internet users will exceed 750 million in 2018. It can be said that the scale and speed of development of China’s Internet are unique globally. 2. The general trend of the digital revolution in manufacturing (1) The new phase of the digital revolution in manufacturing. In April 2013, the “Industrial Revolution 4.0†proposed by Germany was characterized by the digitization of manufacturing. The "re-industrialization" strategy that the United States and the European Union have successively proposed is characterized by the emphasis on the digitization of manufacturing to develop high-end manufacturing. (2) China has become the world's largest production base for electronic information products and the world's most growth market for information consumption. Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu and Jingdong have entered the top 10 global Internet companies. In 2014, Alibaba was listed in the United States and became one of the largest IPO projects in the United States, becoming the world’s largest mobile e-commerce company and the world’s second-largest Internet company. In the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China will not only not miss the "Industry Revolution 4.0", but it may also become the most important promoter. (3) The digitalization potential of China's manufacturing industry is huge. In 2011, China successfully developed the world's largest 3D printer. In 2013, China sold more than 37,000 industrial robots to Japan and became the world’s largest industrial robot market. In the first three quarters of 2014, the sales of domestic industrial robots continued to grow at a rapid rate, reaching 33,600 units, an increase of 32.5% year-on-year, and it is expected to reach 45,000 units in the year. 3. The general trend of the service-oriented revolution in manufacturing (1) The move toward the ranks of high-income countries requires accelerating the development of manufacturing services. The reason why the developed countries in Europe and the United States have been able to obtain high profits in the manufacturing chain is that they have occupied high value-added links through the service of manufacturing. The two "70%" that are common in developed countries in Europe and America, that is, the value added of the service industry accounts for 70% of the GDP, and the producer service industry accounts for 70% of the total service industry, which is mainly based on the service of the manufacturing industry. (2) "Industrial Revolution 3.0" depends on producer services. Take the popularization of solar photovoltaics to households as an example. The most important thing is not the manufacturing process of solar PV itself, but the service sector. Whether or not it can strengthen R&D and sales through the development of modern service industries with a focus on high-tech services, and reduce transaction costs, so that household surplus power generation can be sold in a timely manner. This is a core problem for solar photovoltaics to reach the family. (3) "Industrial Revolution 4.0" depends on producer services. The most important thing for the realization of "Industrial Revolution 4.0" is the development of an information service industry that focuses on big data to form a self-disciplined intelligent production system, and promote the production methods from large-scale homogenous and extensive production to flexibility, intelligence, and digitization. Refined transformation. Addressing the challenges of the era of industrial transformation and upgrading In 2010, China's manufacturing output accounted for 19.8% of the world's total output, surpassing the United States as the world's largest manufacturing country. But overall, China’s industrial system was established in accordance with the “industrial revolution 2.0†era model. Under the specific background of the rise of a new round of industrial revolution in the world and the increasing pressure on domestic resources and environment, the traditional industrial model of our country is not sustainable. Contradictions have become increasingly prominent. 1. Reshaping New Competitive Advantages in Manufacturing Industry (1) The adjustment of global industrial chains and the intensification of high-end manufacturing competition. The important historical background for China becoming the world's largest manufacturing country is the deindustrialization of developed countries. At present, it is very clear that the major developed countries are trying to regain their manufacturing advantage. The Obama administration clearly proposed that the U.S. economy should have a long-term foundation and that it must revitalize the manufacturing industry. In 2013, the European Union clearly stated that Europe needs to “re-industrialize†to revitalize the European economy and increase its share of the EU's GDP from 15.6% to 20% in 2020. (2) Loss of low-cost advantages relative to emerging economies. According to data from the Deloitte China Competitiveness Survey 2011, the current labor cost in most Southeast Asian countries is about 50% of China's. Judging from the average monthly wages of manufacturing employees, Vietnam is about 1,000 yuan, India is about 600 yuan, and China's eastern coastal area has reached 2,500 to 3,000 yuan. (3) The advantages of low cost relative to developed countries are also weakening. For example, the cost of manufacturing products in China in 2003 was 22% lower than that in the United States on average, but it narrowed to 5.5% by the end of 2008, and it gradually declined after 2008. According to a survey by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), the human and energy costs in the United States are much lower than those in Europe and Japan. In 2015, the manufacturing cost in the United States is only 5% higher than in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. 2. Promoting Green Transformation In 2014, the Beijing area witnessed a rare “APEC Blue†for many years. This aspect shows that haze can be managed, but it also reflects the cost of haze governance. China's energy structure still remains at the level of a century ago, and the proportion of coal in primary energy is as high as 67%. China consumes nearly 20% of the world's energy, produces about 12% of GDP, and emits nearly 27% of carbon dioxide. Although China is a major producer of solar energy products, more than 80% of solar energy products are mainly used for exports, and the role of domestic green growth is obviously insufficient. 3. Implementing innovation-driven strategies (1) The core technology is subject to people. For example, in terms of core technology, China’s foreign intellectual property is at least 90% dependent. The dependence of developed countries on foreign intellectual property is generally less than 30%. (2) Lack of world-renowned brands. For example, in 2012, China exported about one billion mobile phones, but 90% of its profits were earned by Apple and Samsung. China's low-cost labor force can only earn 1%. There are no Chinese companies in the 2013 Top 100 Global Brand Rankings published by Interbrand, the world’s largest brand consultancy. (3) The disconnection between production, study and research has not been fundamentally resolved. According to the “National Innovation Index Report 2013†​​issued by the China Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy, China’s R&D funding has grown rapidly over a long period of time. In 2012, it reached 1,029.84 billion yuan, ranking third in the world, and its global share rapidly increased from 1.7% in 2000. 11.7%, but due to the disconnection of production, research, and research, China's scientific and technological achievements conversion rate is only about 10%, far below the level of 40% of developed countries. 4. Upgrading and Upgrading Traditional Industries In the third quarter of 2014, China's capacity utilization rate was only 78.7%, which was the same as that of the previous quarter and a year-on-year decrease of 0.9%, which was the lowest level in the past four years. The scope of overcapacity has spread from traditional industries such as steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, and shipbuilding to strategic emerging industries. As of December 2014, China's industrial producer ex-factory price (PPI) has been declining for consecutive 34 months, which is the longest period for negative growth of PPI since China's reform and opening up. Under the condition of overcapacity, industrial enterprises earn very little profit. For example, in the first three quarters of 2014, the key statistics of iron and steel enterprises accounted for 25% of the cumulative loss, the loss amounted to 8.068 billion yuan, and the sales profit rate was only 0.71%. Achieve the deep integration of industry and service industry The “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†is a critical period for the transformation and upgrading of “Made in China†to “China's Zhi Zhiâ€, and it is urgently necessary to promote industrial transformation and upgrading with the “Internet Plus†as the focus. This needs to establish the basic goal of promoting the integration of industry and service industry, substantially increase the level of development of the producer service industry, and promote manufacturing informatization, service, and globalization. 1. Substantially upgrade the level of producer service industry Take the increase in the proportion of producer services as the binding target of the 13th Five-Year Plan. Clearly, the proportion of the producer service industry in the service sector has been raised from 35% to 55%, and the proportion of GDP has been increased from 15% to 30% to 40% as the main constraint target. This has been used as the main criterion for measuring structural adjustment and optimization. In order to effectively implement the development goals of the producer services industry, it is proposed to formulate a special plan for the “13th Five-Year Plan†modern production service industry as soon as possible, and to propose a major task of optimizing the structure of the producer service industry and improving the level of development of the producer service industry. 2. To achieve manufacturing informatization and service-oriented (1) To promote manufacturing upgrade with “Internet +â€. Form a strategic plan for transforming traditional industries, upgrading strategic and emerging industries, and advanced manufacturing industries through information technology, and promoting the wide application of Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing technologies in the industrial field. By 2020, China’s manufacturing industry will basically popularize digital technologies and realize The overall application of CNC technology to mechanical products has been upgraded to a “CNC Generationâ€, which has initially achieved strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing intelligence. (2) To achieve service-oriented manufacturing. We will optimize the structure of the productive service industry, use big data to improve the level of development of information services, R&D, design, logistics, sales, and other productive service industries, and guide enterprises to further break the pattern of “bigger and comprehensive†and “small and completeâ€, and by 2020, A number of industrial parks have been formed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta to guide the gathering of productive service industries, forming a number of high-level flagship enterprises for productive services, and reconstructing traditions with a focus on producer services. The industry has made significant breakthroughs, initially completing the transition from manufacturing to manufacturing and service. 3. Promote the globalization of the manufacturing industry (1) Promote manufacturing to “go global†to emerging economies. Make full use of the low cost advantages of emerging economies to expand the development space of China's manufacturing industry, grasp the important opportunities for the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road Economic Belt, and accelerate the promotion of high-end manufacturing represented by high-speed rail to ASEAN, China The "going out" of the Asian region has enabled China's manufacturing industry to play a major role in the interconnection of infrastructure between China and ASEAN and Central Asia; it has also accelerated the "going out" of Chinese manufacturing industries to the BRICS countries and "going out" to the African region to strengthen the foundation. Investment and cooperation in the field of facilities. (2) Promote the manufacturing industry to “go global†to developed countries. Support domestic advanced manufacturing to European and American developed countries to implement high-level mergers and acquisitions, acquire important brands and technology patents through mergers and acquisitions, achieve internationalization of management and management personnel, obtain localized marketing network, and substantially increase China’s industrial technology level and global value chain. The status. (3) Establish a global industrial chain for China's manufacturing industry. Implement the strategy of transnational corporations and establish a multinational production and marketing network to form the ability of Chinese companies to carry out market integration and allocation of resource elements on a global scale, so as to enhance the ability of Chinese enterprises to operate internationally. By 2020, China's enterprises will obviously increase their position in the global value chain, increasing the number of companies entering the top 500 in the world from 100 in 2014 to about 150 in 2014. 4. "Thirteenth Five-year Plan": Completion of the upgrade from "Industrial Revolution 2.0" to "Industrial Revolution 3.0" (1) The promotion of "Industrial Revolution 3.0" as a fundamental measure to control haze. While popularizing and promoting the establishment of a circular economy system and accelerating the establishment of an environmental protection industry system, the energy structure will be substantially changed. By 2020, a new pattern of green manufacturing will be initially formed, and the development target for achieving a 40% to 45% reduction in unit GDP carbon dioxide emissions from 2005 will be achieved. The share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption will reach about 15%, and clean energy will be used to generate electricity. The proportion increased to 35%. (2) Form a high-end industrial chain in the field of new energy. In the smart grid, new energy vehicles and other fields to form a new international competitive advantage, reaching the international advanced level. By 2020, the supporting service facilities for new energy vehicles will be basically complete, and the scale effect of new energy vehicles in the transportation industry will be formed. The total amount of new energy vehicles in urban public transport, taxis, and urban logistics and distribution will reach 300,000 units. The contribution rate of energy conservation and emission reduction for transportation has reached 20%. (3) Form a new energy and Internet convergence technology system and service system. Accelerate the construction of infrastructure such as charging piles for smart grids and new energy vehicles, and connect the renewable energy, power generation buildings, energy storage technologies, and pluggable electric transportation systems through the Energy Internet to make wind energy, solar energy, and biomass energy work smoothly. Access to the national grid. 5. “Thirteenth Five-Year Planâ€: laying an important foundation for “Industrial Revolution 4.0†(1) Implement innovation-driven development strategy. Promote the organic integration of science and technology, finance, and innovation elements, establish a technology-based innovation system based on enterprises, promote the capitalization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and by 2020, basically form an independent innovation system that is compatible with the “Industry Revolution 3.0â€. Innovation has become an endogenous driving force for economic development. (2) Narrow the gap between strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing industries and developed countries. Promote the development of strategic emerging industries to high value-added R&D and design, sales and logistics, form high-end industrial clusters, achieve a combination of large-scale “going out†and high-level “introductionâ€, and by 2020, form a batch of core Technology, independent intellectual property rights and well-known brands of strategic emerging industries and advanced manufacturing. (3) Some industries have reached the international advanced level of "Industrial Revolution 4.0". Make full use of the advantages of having the world's largest Internet users, focusing on organic integration of big data and manufacturing industries to create an upgraded version of the manufacturing industry. By 2020, the traditional manufacturing industry will have achieved initial results in informatization and intelligence, and some industries will achieve an industrial revolution. The international advanced level of 4.0†has formed a number of innovative companies with international advanced level in the fields of 3D printing, new materials and new energy, laying an important foundation for the “Industrial Revolution 4.0â€. Promoting the major tasks of industrial transformation and upgrading Grasping the "13th Five-Year Plan" and laying out "China's Ingenuity" can not only lead to an effective path to resolve excess production capacity, but also win opportunities in the new round of industrial revolution. High-income countries lay a solid foundation. 1. Transforming traditional industries with big data, cloud computing, Internet of things, and mobile Internet (1) Grasping the tremendous business opportunities brought by big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and the mobile Internet. The transformation of traditional industrial models such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and mobile Internet is the focus of the “13th Five-Year Plan†industrial transformation and upgrading, and the implementation of relevant special plans has been implemented. (2) Lead the transformation of traditional industries with the construction of smart cities. Big data, cloud computing, internet of things, and mobile internet are transforming human production and lifestyle. Smart cities are the most important carriers. It is suggested that the construction of smart cities be regarded as the key tasks for the transformation and upgrading of urbanization in the “13th Five-Year Plan†period, and the development plan for smart cities at the national level will be issued, opening up a new phase of industrial transformation and upgrading with the construction of smart cities. (3) Support the mutual penetration of big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, mobile Internet and traditional industries. Enlarging and strengthening the industrial Internet and promoting the integration and interaction between domestic Internet companies and manufacturing enterprises; strengthening the integration of information resources, breaking the situation of “information fragmentation†and “information isolated islands†of traditional industrial enterprises; and forming big data, cloud computing, and materials New advantages of networking, mobile internet and manufacturing. 2. Focusing on the development of new energy and Internet integration to enhance strategic emerging industries (1) The smart grid is the basic platform for the "Industrial Revolution 3.0", and it has an overall role in promoting the "Industrial Revolution 3.0". Whether it is the development of new energy such as wind power or solar power, it needs the support of smart grids. With the support of smart grids, and the further development of new energy generation technologies and large-scale energy storage technologies, wind power, photovoltaic power generation, and distributed power supply can be accessed on a large scale, adapting to changes in supply and demand relationships, and solving intermittent and non- The problem of large-scale utilization of power supplies has been stabilized, so that wind power and solar energy developed and utilized by millions of households have entered the market. It is precisely because of the core position of the smart grid in the "Industrial Revolution 3.0" that Europe and the United States have included the development of smart grids as a national strategy, and will develop smart grids as the most important pillar for the development of emerging economies. (2) Introduce plans for the development of smart grids at the national level. To coordinate the development of new energy such as smart grids and wind power generation, and create conditions for the construction and development of large-scale hydropower, large-scale nuclear power, and large-scale renewable energy power generation bases. We will coordinate the development of smart grids and strategic emerging industries, and guide the healthy development of strategic emerging industries on the basis of the “Industrial Revolution 3.0â€. We will coordinate the construction of the smart grid and the Internet and the Internet of Things, and focus on capturing micro-grid technology to provide a public service platform for the promotion of wind and solar power generation to enter into millions of households. 3. Layout of smart manufacturing based on domestic market demand (1) Deploy smart equipment manufacturing industry with emphasis on the robot industry. In the next 5 to 10 years, the smart manufacturing equipment industry will achieve the goal of an average annual growth rate of 25%. The highlight is the robot industry. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the annual supply of new industrial robots in China will exceed 15,000 units, and the annual growth rate will exceed 50%. As the shortage of low-end labor began to appear, in 2013 China has become the world's largest industrial robot market, and the demand for robotics industry will show an explosive growth. It is estimated that in 2015, the annual supply of domestic industrial robots will exceed 20,000 units, and the quantity will be maintained. Will be more than 130,000 units. (2) Establish the domestic brands of the robot industry as soon as possible. Although China is the largest market for robots worldwide, the major suppliers are developed countries in Europe and America. Europe and Japan are currently the main suppliers of industrial robots. The four companies abb, kuka, fanuc and YASKAWA account for 60% to 80% of the market share in China. We will build the entire industrial chain of robots as the key to the development of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†industry, strengthen basic research, form core technologies, and promote the integration of upstream and downstream of the industrial chain of robots. (3) Promote the wide application of smart wearable devices in the health industry. The integration of big data and manufacturing highlights the emergence of smart wearable devices. As China is becoming the world's largest health industry market, China's wearable devices will also have great vitality. Focusing on medical equipment, it is entirely possible for China to seize the commanding heights of the industry on smart wearable devices. It is recommended to establish an intelligent third-party inspection, testing and certification organization for smart wearable devices as soon as possible, to introduce wearable device certification standards, to assist manufacturers in providing safe and high-quality products to consumers, and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the wearable device industry. (4) Layout of 3D printers focuses on the development of smart manufacturing. 3D printing technology is the most disruptive high-tech technology in the 21st century. 3D printing technology not only can adapt to customized production, but also has a high degree of flexibility, and is an important direction for future industrial development. Form the development goal and technical route of the 3D printing industry, set up a 3D printing industry development fund, carry out systematic overall research on software, processes, materials, equipment, applications, standards, and industrialization of 3D printing, and promote the construction of 3D printing manufacturing technology. A new digital manufacturing system that integrates other advanced manufacturing technologies. 4. To create an upgraded version of the industrial park with innovation as its goal (1) The industrial park is the most important vehicle for implementing innovation drive. In 2013, the total GDP of the two major parks of the Economic Development Zone and the High-tech Zone of the country reached 1,322.7 billion yuan, accounting for nearly one-fourth of the national GDP; the total industrial output value was 3,155.9 billion yuan, which exceeded 1/3 of the national industrial output value. Total taxes turned over amounted to 2197.5 billion yuan, accounting for nearly one-fifth of the taxes paid in the country; total foreign exchange earned through exports amounted to US$819.7 billion, which exceeded 1/3 of the country’s export earnings. Among them, the Top 100 China Economic Development Zone's gross domestic product was 377.187 billion yuan, accounting for 56.2% of the country's economically-expanded areas; the top 100 high-tech industrial production value of the top 100 was 111,194.94 billion yuan, accounting for 73.9% of the country's total high-tech zones. (2) Promote the upgrading of industrial parks with emphasis on the gathering of production service industries. Judging from international experience, the upgrade of industrial parks cannot be separated from the gathering of producer services. Whether it is the Silicon Valley in the United States or Zhongguancun in China, the reason why they can become the “engines†to lead industrial innovation is because of their formation. R & D and design and other productive service industry gathering areas. Adjust development ideas, focusing on the development of R&D and design, third-party logistics, financial leasing, information technology services, energy conservation and environmental protection services, inspection and certification, e-commerce, business consulting, service outsourcing and other productive service industries. (3) Make the industrial park an incubator for industrial innovation. The industrial park is the most important carrier for implementing innovation-driven strategies in China. To create an upgraded version of the industrial park with innovation as its goal, it is necessary not only to adjust from the policy level but also to shape the soft environment such as institutional mechanisms, and more importantly to stand on the “industrial The strategic heights of the Revolution 3.0†and “Industrial Revolution 4.0†are to carry out top-level design and repositioning of the original industrial park. To this end, it is recommended that a national-level industrial park transformation and upgrade development plan be introduced as soon as possible to guide the upgrading of various industrial parks.
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