According to the physicist organization network reported on April 22, American scientists have created a new nano-scale connection device that can convert optical signals into waves traveling along metal surfaces. More importantly, the new device can also identify the polarization direction of polarized light and send signals in different directions accordingly. The research was published in the journal Science on April 19.
Scientists say that the latest research provides a new way to allow people to accurately manipulate light at sub-wavelength scales without destroying signals that may carry data. This is to effectively transfer information from photonic devices to electronic devices Thus opening the door to the next generation of single-chip photonic interconnection.
The research collaborator and graduate student of the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Balzaze Muller said: "If you want to send a data signal around a small chip with many components, then you need to be able to accurately control the signal The direction of travel. If you ca n’t do this, the signal may be lost. The direction is an important factor in the success of the signal. "
In the past, scientists could also control the direction of these waves by changing the angle at which light hits the surface of connected devices. But as Mueller said: "This is really troublesome, it is difficult to make the optical circuit into a straight line, so it is very impractical to constantly readjust the angle in order to set the direction of the signal."
The new connection device consists of a thin layer of gold covered with small holes. The genius of the scientists' design is the pattern of herring fish bones (arrow tail) formed by these cutouts. The lead author of the study, Professor Federico Capasso of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at Harvard University, pointed out: "So far, scientists have used a series of parallel grooves (grids) to do this kind of thing, although it It can be done, but many signals will be lost, and the new structure on the new device can use a very simple and elegant way to control the direction of the signal. "
Now, the light only needs to be injected vertically, and the new device will do other things. It turns incident light into a surface plasmon (a sparse and dense wave propagating along the surface of the metal generated by the interaction of free-vibrating electrons and photons present on the surface of the metal). It will also read the polarization direction of the incident light wave—straight line, left-hand circular polarization, or right-hand circular polarization, and then arrange an appropriate path for it. The new device can even split a beam of light into two parts and send different parts in different directions, which makes multi-channel information transmission possible.
The new structure is very small, and each pattern unit is smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, scientists believe that the new structure should be easily integrated with novel technologies such as planar optics. However, Capasso said that the new device is most likely to be used in the future high-speed information network-nano-scale electronic devices (currently appearing), photonic devices and plasma are expected to be integrated on a single microchip to achieve the next generation Single chip photonic interconnect.
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