RFID is the abbreviation of English Radio Frequency IdenTIficaTIon, translated into Chinese means "radio frequency identification". Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a contactless automatic identification technology realized by radio frequency wireless communication technology, which can be applied to various automatic identification requirements, such as personnel identification, item identification, animal and plant identification, and the like.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) systems generally contain two basic parts: electronic tags and readers. The electronic tag is a carrier of the item identification information and can be attached to the surface of the identification item or embedded in the identification item (with certain conditions). The reader is used for data communication with the electronic tag, that is, the data can be injected into the electronic tag or the data in the electronic tag can be read.
Today, when the Internet is popular, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a hot topic on the Internet. In the popular search engine, if you search for "RFID" as a keyword, you can get tens of millions of matching results. (For example, the result of a search for Yahoo in this article is 38,500,000, a search for Google is 36,900,000, and a search for Baidu is 2,460,000).
To make it easier for people to understand and understand radio frequency identification (RFID), the related classification research is obviously very important. Following the guidelines of classification research, can people not only understand what radio frequency identification (RFID) is? The basic principles of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems work, and can quickly grasp the full picture of RFID technology. On this basis, it can bring convenience to the selection of products or related technical research, which is also the purpose and significance of this study.
2. The basis of analytical research2.1, several basic concepts
The basic concepts closely related to radio frequency identification (RFID) involve "RFID technology", "RFID products", "RFID systems" and "RFID applications". The above four basic concepts have a certain internal relationship from the order of arrangement. The preliminary analysis is given below.
(1) "RFID technology." RFID technology is the most basic and one of the most fragmented, interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary technologies featuring electronic information technology for application purposes. For example, RFID technology involves demodulation technology and codec technology in communication technology, antenna technology for wireless transceiver, integrated circuit design technology, and the like.
(2) "RFID products." The RFID product is a unit function designed and constructed based on the RFID technology based on the working principle of the RFID system. For example, RFID products include electronic tags, readers, and can also include tag antennas, tag chips, and the like.
(3) "RFID system". The RFID system is a basic combination of product units having a contactless identification function (feature) composed of RFID product units. For example, an RFID system consists of several electronic tags and several readers. A single RFID tag and a single reader can also be used to construct a minimal RFID system.
(4) "RFID application". RFID applications are the application of RFID systems to address a practical need for contactless identification. For example, RFID systems are applied to address the need for non-stop charging, RFID systems are applied to the need for security against licenses, RFID systems are applied to item identification, and the like.
In summary, from the level of concept, the "RFID technology", "RFID products", "RFID system" to "RFID applications" is a gradually expanding relationship, as shown in Figure 1.
Among them, "RFID technology" and "RFID products" are located in the inner layer of the extended relationship, with the characteristics of scattered and miscellaneous; "RFID system" and "RFID application" are located in the outer layer of the extended relationship, with integration and unity. From the perspective of the corresponding concept, "RFID technology" corresponds to "RFID system", focusing on theory, concept, and rational and virtual characteristics; "RFID products" and "RFID applications" are corresponding, focusing on physical objects, implementation, with Physical and real characteristics.
Figure 1 Relationship between RFID technology, products, systems, and applications
2.2, preprocessing of RFID classification research
As can be seen from Fig. 1, "RFID technology" and "RFID product" are located in the inner layer of the relationship diagram shown in Fig. 1, and have the characteristics of scattered and mixed. Therefore, grasping the classification of "RFID technology" and "RFID products" will also grasp the main contradiction of RFID classification research.
The following further clarifies the relationship between RFID technology classification and RFID product classification, and the relationship between RFID system classification and electronic label classification.
2.2.1, the relationship between RFID technology classification and RFID product classification
When studying the classification of RFID technology and products, following the principle of focusing on technology and supplementing product classification has deeper internal reasons. That is to say, from the perspective of comparative analysis, RFID technology has relative stability, while RFID products have faster and larger variability. Therefore, grasping the classification of RFID technology is more profound than grasping the classification of RFID products.
2.2.2, the relationship between RFID system classification and electronic label classification
From the perspective of the RFID system, the RFID minimum system consists of two parts: an electronic tag and a reader. Comparing the affiliation of electronic tags and readers, it is clear that electronic tags are dominant. This is because the electronic tag is the carrier of the identification information, and the electronic tag is attached to the identified article and maintains the binding relationship with the identifier. Therefore, the characteristics of the electronic tag include: one is the quantity, and the other is the distance with the people. Near and high frequency. In comparison, the role of the reader is to collect information from the electronic tag or to inject new information into the electronic tag. Features include: only at the necessary information collection points, the number is relatively small, people directly see the read and write The frequency of the device is low. In addition, from a technical perspective, electronic tags usually require lower prices (more quantities, some applications are targeted at one-time use) and readers can withstand higher prices, so it is a natural priority when designing RFID systems. How to make the electronic label meet the functional requirements, but also consider the simple manufacturing, easy application and low price. This determines the dominant position of electronic tags in RFID technology and RFID systems.
Based on the above analysis, in view of the dominant position of electronic tags in RFID technology and RFID systems, the classification of electronic tag technology is also equivalent to the classification of RFID technology to a certain extent. From the perspective of simplifying the analysis of problems and grasping the main contradictions, it is generally accepted that the idea of ​​equating electronic tag technology with RFID technology is recognized, and thus the view that the classification of electronic tag technology is equivalent to the classification of RFID technology is recognized.
2.2.3, extraction of classification basis
Examine the working principle of electronic tags and the set of technical parameter indicators. The most important parameters include: the RF working frequency used when the electronic tag sends the built-in identification information and the power supply mode of the electronic tag working. Therefore, the working frequency and power supply of the electronic tag become the most basic basis for the classification of RFID technology.
Relatively speaking, the design of the reader has the characteristics of following the design of the electronic tag and matching the work of the electronic tag. Of course, the design of the reader/writer involves wireless transceiver, signal processing, information encoding and decoding, intelligent environment adaptive detection, and adaptive interface with back-end applications.
In the detailed discussion of the "RFID technology classification research" and "RFID product classification research", we will follow the RFID system and focus on the classification of RFID technology. On the basis of RFID technology classification, follow the RFID application. The purpose is to focus on the classification of RFID products (including the classification of electronic label products and the classification of reader products). From the point of view of the overall RFID and classification theory, the scope and content of the content covered by the RFID classification research are shown in Figure 2.
In view of the strong pulling and promotion of RFID technology by the EPC concept, the relationship between the RFID system and the EPC system is succinctly and clearly explained.
Figure 2 Coverage of RFID technology classification and RFID product classification
Through the analysis and research of the concept level of RFID technology and product classification, it can be expected to obtain an accurate and macroscopic grasp of RFID technology and products as a whole. As for the analysis and research of the specialized technologies corresponding to the units involved in each classification item and the development of related products, it is beyond the scope of this paper.
3. The relationship between RFID system and EPC systemThe biggest expectation for the application of RFID technology is to play its expected role in the logistics and supply chain. Another popular term related to this is “EPCâ€. The Chinese meaning of EPC is “product electronic codeâ€, the original English text is “EPC - Electronic Product Codeâ€, and the concept closely related to EPC is “Internet of Thingsâ€.
At present, the concept of EPC+IoT has formed a system, which can be called EPC system. This article does not intend to discuss the issue of the EPC system in detail, but only takes a little bit to explain the basic relationship between RFID and EPC.
From the overall concept of the RFID system and the EPC system, each space can be constructed separately. From the relationship between the two, there is an intersection between the two spaces, as shown in Figure 3.
From the perspective of RFID space, one aspect of RFID technology application in EPC space, but not all of the RFID application space. From the perspective of EPC space, EPC space uses RFID technology as an important means of information collection.
From the perspective of product application, RFID tags contain EPC tags for EPC applications. Currently, there are no other tags to be used as specific implementations of EPC tags. Conversely, EPC tags using RFID technology are only RFID tags. Part of it.
The situation of the reader is similar. The EPC reader belongs to the scope of the RFID reader. The RFID reader meets the basic requirements (standard) of the EPC application and becomes the EPC reader.
Figure 3 Diagram of RFID and EPC
4, summary
In this paper, the related issues of RFID classification are analyzed in detail. The content of this paper and the subsequent contents of "RFID technology classification research" and "RFID product classification research" are analyzed in detail. The main contents and views are summarized as follows:
(1) A new concept of distinguishing between RFID technology classification and RFID product classification is proposed. Compared with previous understandings and opinions that confuse RFID technology classification with product classification, the new classification concept more clearly reflects the four-layer relationship of technology, products, systems and applications. The new classification method highlights the stable development of technology, the product has the limitations of application and the periodicity of product life.
(2) Confirmed and agreed with the basic point of view that the RFID technology can be directly equated with the electronic label technology classification from the perspective of technical classification.
(3) Through the overall research on RFID technology, the classification of RFID technology is based on the classification of the electronic labeling power supply method, the classification of the working frequency of the electronic label, and the classification of the internal status of the electronic label. The classification of other non-critical factors has been omitted.
(4) Through the overall research on RFID products, the four layers of electronic label product classification are proposed: frequency, standard, package and application system classification classification method, combined with passive electronic label technology classification results, passive electronic labels An example analysis was performed on the classification of products. The results obtained have important reference functions for the naming and clarification of the type of electronic label products.
(5) Based on the overall research of RFID products, through the comparative analysis of the classification basis of electronic label products, combined with the characteristics of the application of readers, the four elements of the product classification of readers are proposed: frequency, exterior, power and The application of the plane correlation classification method, and detailed analysis of the status and role of the "standard" factors with a breakthrough role. The analysis of the classification examples of passive UHF band reader products and their results are important examples of the application of plane correlation classification in the product classification of readers. It is important for the naming of reader models. Reference role.
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