What is machine vision technology?
Machine vision technology is based on an important part of computer science. It is designed in a wide range of fields, including computer, image processing, artificial intelligence, signal processing, pattern recognition and other technical content. Since its birth and development, there has been more than 30 years of development history. With the progress of industrial automation, machine recognition technology has gradually improved in function and has been successfully applied to industry. Among them, the rapid development of CCD industrial cameras, smart cameras, ARMFPGA, image processing and other technologies has greatly promoted the development of machine vision systems.
Simply put, the essence of machine vision technology is to use machines instead of human eyes to perform various operations and judgments. Greatly save labor, improve work efficiency, work is relatively standardized, and the error rate is significantly reduced.
What is a machine vision system?
It is an operating system designed by using machine vision technology. The system generally includes light source, lens, CCD camera, image capture card, image processing software and so on.
Light source: Basically the same as the lighting factor of the vision sensor, it is an important factor that affects the input of the machine vision system, and it directly affects the quality of the input data and the application effect. For each specific application example, the corresponding lighting device should be selected to achieve the best effect. The light source can be divided into visible light and invisible light. Several commonly used visible light sources are white flag lamps, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps and sodium lamps. On the other hand, ambient light may affect the quality of the image, so PC-based solutions can be used mainly for electronic production test equipment. Its advantages are high performance, high flexibility and high cost performance. It is very suitable for high difficulty, high resolution and High-speed machine vision applications. Therefore, a protective screen can be used to reduce the impact of ambient light. The lighting system can be divided into back lighting, forward lighting, structured light and stroboscopic lighting according to its illumination method. Among them, the back lighting is the object to be measured is placed between the light source and the camera, and its advantage is that it can obtain high-contrast images. The forward illumination is that the light source and the camera are located on the same side of the object under test, which is convenient for installation. Structured light illumination is to project a grating or a line light source onto the measured object, and demodulate the three-dimensional information of the measured object according to the distortion produced by them. Stroboscopic lighting is to irradiate high-frequency light pulses on the object, and the camera shooting requires synchronization with the light source.
Lens: Lens selection should pay attention to focal length, target height, image height, magnification, distance from image to target, center point/node and distortion. Common classification: According to the imaging color, it can be divided into color cameras and black-and-white cameras; according to the resolution, the pixel number is less than 380,000 is the ordinary type, and the pixel number is more than 380,000. The high-resolution type; according to the photosensitive surface size Divided by size, it can be divided into 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 1 inch cameras; according to the scanning method, it can be divided into two methods: line scan camera (line scan camera) and area scan camera (area scan camera) ; (Area scan cameras can be divided into interlaced scan cameras and progressive scan cameras); According to the synchronization method, it can be divided into ordinary cameras (internal synchronization) and cameras with external synchronization functions.
Camera: According to different standards, it can be divided into standard resolution digital cameras and analog cameras. Choose different cameras and high-resolution cameras according to different practical applications: line scan CCD and area array CCD; monochrome camera and color camera.
Image capture card: Image capture card is only a part of a complete machine vision system, but it plays a very important role. The image capture card directly determines the interface of the camera: black and white, color, analog, digital, etc. The more typical is a PCI or AGP compatible capture card, which can quickly transfer the image to the computer memory for processing. Some capture cards have built-in multiplexers. For example, you can connect 8 different cameras, and then tell the capture card to use the information captured by which camera. Some capture cards have a built-in digital input to trigger the capture card to capture. When the capture card captures an image, the digital output port triggers the gate.
work process
The content of the output of the vision system is not the image and video signal, but the detection result (such as size and other data) directly obtained after arithmetic processing. Under normal circumstances, machine vision testing is to use machines instead of human eyes for measurement and judgment. First, a CCD camera is used to convert the captured target into an image signal, which is sent to a dedicated image processing system, and converted into a digital signal according to the pixel distribution, brightness, and color information. The imaging system performs various operations on these signals to extract the characteristics of the target, such as: area, length, number, location, etc. Finally, output results according to preset tolerances and other conditions, such as: size, angle, offset, number, pass/fail, yes/no, etc.
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